Abstract: A method is disclosed for synthesizing a compound that includes gallotannins from a part of a maple tree, into new skin whitening compounds. The method includes the step of isolating the gallotannin from the part of the maple tree.

Abstract: Transmitters and receivers for use in hybrid networks capable of supporting time-reversal division multi-access communication protocols are described. Wireless access points include a wireless receiver for receiving a wireless channel probe signal from a device and a wireless transmitter capable of supporting a time-reversal division multi-access (TRDMA) protocol and at least one other wireless communication protocol. A controller is used to control the operation of the wireless transmitter. Wireless terminal devices include a wireless transmitter for transmitting a wireless channel probe signal and a wireless receiver capable of supporting a TRDMA protocol and at least one other wireless communication protocol. A controller is used to control the operation of the wireless receiver. An example of the at least one other wireless communication protocol that may be supported is OFDMA.

Abstract: Transmitters and receivers for use in hybrid networks capable of supporting time-reversal division multi-access communication protocols are described. Wireless access points include a wireless receiver for receiving a wireless channel probe signal from a device and a wireless transmitter capable of supporting a time-reversal division multi-access (TRDMA) protocol and at least one other wireless communication protocol. A controller is used to control the operation of the wireless transmitter. Wireless terminal devices include a wireless transmitter for transmitting a wireless channel probe signal and a wireless receiver capable of supporting a TRDMA protocol and at least one other wireless communication protocol. A controller is used to control the operation of the wireless receiver. An example of the at least one other wireless communication protocol that may be supported is OFDMA.

Abstract: A handshaking process for time-reversal wireless communication is provided. A first device receives a handshake signal transmitted from a second device through multiple propagation paths, the handshake signal including a preamble and a training sequence, in which the training sequence includes a sequence of symbols known to the first and second devices. A synchronization index is determined based on the preamble, and the training sequence in the handshake signal is identified based on the synchronization index. A channel response signal is determined based on the received training sequence, and a signature waveform that is a time-reversed signal of the channel response signal is generated. A transmission signal is generated based on transmit data and the signature waveform, in which the transmit data are data configured to be transmitted to the second device.

Abstract: A handshaking process for time-reversal wireless communication is provided. A first device receives a handshake signal transmitted from a second device through multiple propagation paths, the handshake signal including a preamble and a training sequence, in which the training sequence includes a sequence of symbols known to the first and second devices. A synchronization index is determined based on the preamble, and the training sequence in the handshake signal is identified based on the synchronization index. A channel response signal is determined based on the received training sequence, and a signature waveform that is a time-reversed signal of the channel response signal is generated. A transmission signal is generated based on transmit data and the signature waveform, in which the transmit data are data configured to be transmitted to the second device.

Abstract: A method of connecting devices to a network is provided. The method includes providing base stations connected to a network, and at each of the base stations, receiving probe signals from terminal devices. For each of the terminal devices, the base station calculates a signature waveform based on a time-reversed waveform of a channel response signal derived from the corresponding probe signal. For each of the terminal devices, the base station determines a downlink transmit signal for the terminal device based on the downlink data and the corresponding signature waveform, and transmits the downlink signals to the terminal devices. Several base stations have overlapping broadcast regions, several terminal devices are located within the overlapped broadcast regions, the base stations transmit the downlink signals using a same frequency band, and some downlink signals transmitted by base stations having overlapping broadcast regions also overlap in time.

Abstract: A system for wirelessly obtaining physiological data from a subject includes a sensor patch and a separate electronics package. The sensor patch is disposed on and adheres to the subject, and includes a first part of a releasable electrical connector. An electronics package includes a second part of the first releasable electrical connector, which is used to physically and electrically connect the electronics package to the sensor patch. The electronics package includes a flexible substrate, with shells set on this substrate. The shells enclose the electronics. The shells are connected by a flexible circuit board. Analog front end circuitry is placed in one shell, while the wireless transceiver is placed in the other shell.

Abstract: A device adapted to attach to a subject for detecting an ECG signal of the subject. The device includes a first, a second, and a third electrode, where the electrodes form an orthogonal configuration. Two channels of ECG data can be obtained using a common electrode, and can be further combined to obtain a further channel using vector mathematics. The channel combination can be performed at vector angles suitable for optimizing the detection of various features of the ECG spectra of the subject. A method of using an implantable cardiac device together with surface-attached wireless sensor(s) is also provided where the acquired data from the implantable cardiac device and from the surface-attached wireless sensor(s) are both used for diagnosing patient's heart conditions and administering appropriate therapies.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for synthesizing a compound that includes gallotannins from a part of a maple tree, into new skin whitening compounds. The method includes the step of isolating the gallotannin from the part of the maple tree.

Abstract: A method of connecting devices to a network is provided. The method includes providing base stations connected to a network, and at each of the base stations, receiving probe signals from terminal devices. For each of the terminal devices, the base station calculates a signature waveform based on a time-reversed waveform of a channel response signal derived from the corresponding probe signal. For each of the terminal devices, the base station determines a downlink transmit signal for the terminal device based on the downlink data and the corresponding signature waveform, and transmits the downlink signals to the terminal devices. Several base stations have overlapping broadcast regions, several terminal devices are located within the overlapped broadcast regions, the base stations transmit the downlink signals using a same frequency band, and some downlink signals transmitted by base stations having overlapping broadcast regions also overlap in time.

Abstract: A method of connecting devices to a network is provided. The method includes providing base stations connected to a network, and at each of the base stations, receiving probe signals from terminal devices. For each of the terminal devices, the base station calculates a signature waveform based on a time-reversed waveform of a channel response signal derived from the corresponding probe signal. For each of the terminal devices, the base station determines a downlink transmit signal for the terminal device based on the downlink data and the corresponding signature waveform, and transmits the downlink signals to the terminal devices. Several base stations have overlapping broadcast regions, several terminal devices are located within the overlapped broadcast regions, the base stations transmit the downlink signals using a same frequency band, and some downlink signals transmitted by base stations having overlapping broadcast regions also overlap in time.

Abstract: A handshaking process for time-reversal wireless communication is provided. A first device receives a handshake signal transmitted from a second device through multiple propagation paths, the handshake signal including a preamble and a training sequence, in which the training sequence includes a sequence of symbols known to the first and second devices. A synchronization index is determined based on the preamble, and the training sequence in the handshake signal is identified based on the synchronization index. A channel response signal is determined based on the received training sequence, and a signature waveform that is a time-reversed signal of the channel response signal is generated. A transmission signal is generated based on transmit data and the signature waveform, in which the transmit data are data configured to be transmitted to the second device.

Abstract: A handshaking process for time-reversal wireless communication is provided. A first device receives a handshake signal transmitted from a second device through multiple propagation paths, the handshake signal including a preamble and a training sequence, in which the training sequence includes a sequence of symbols known to the first and second devices. A synchronization index is determined based on the preamble, and the training sequence in the handshake signal is identified based on the synchronization index. A channel response signal is determined based on the received training sequence, and a signature waveform that is a time-reversed signal of the channel response signal is generated. A transmission signal is generated based on transmit data and the signature waveform, in which the transmit data are data configured to be transmitted to the second device.

Abstract: A handshaking process for time-reversal wireless communication is provided. A first device receives a handshake signal transmitted from a second device through multiple propagation paths, the handshake signal including a preamble and a training sequence, in which the training sequence includes a sequence of symbols known to the first and second devices. A synchronization index is determined based on the preamble, and the training sequence in the handshake signal is identified based on the synchronization index. A channel response signal is determined based on the received training sequence, and a signature waveform that is a time-reversed signal of the channel response signal is generated. A transmission signal is generated based on transmit data and the signature waveform, in which the transmit data are data configured to be transmitted to the second device.

Abstract: A method of connecting devices to a network is provided. The method includes providing base stations connected to a network, and at each of the base stations, receiving probe signals from terminal devices. For each of the terminal devices, the base station calculates a signature waveform based on a time-reversed waveform of a channel response signal derived from the corresponding probe signal. For each of the terminal devices, the base station determines a downlink transmit signal for the terminal device based on the downlink data and the corresponding signature waveform, and transmits the downlink signals to the terminal devices. Several base stations have overlapping broadcast regions, several terminal devices are located within the overlapped broadcast regions, the base stations transmit the downlink signals using a same frequency band, and some downlink signals transmitted by base stations having overlapping broadcast regions also overlap in time.

Abstract: A method of connecting devices to a network is provided. The method includes providing base stations connected to a network, and at each of the base stations, receiving probe signals from terminal devices. For each of the terminal devices, the base station calculates a signature waveform based on a time-reversed waveform of a channel response signal derived from the corresponding probe signal. For each of the terminal devices, the base station determines a downlink transmit signal for the terminal device based on the downlink data and the corresponding signature waveform, and transmits the downlink signals to the terminal devices. Several base stations have overlapping broadcast regions, several terminal devices are located within the overlapped broadcast regions, the base stations transmit the downlink signals using a same frequency band, and some downlink signals transmitted by base stations having overlapping broadcast regions also overlap in time.

Abstract: A method of connecting devices to a network is provided. The method includes providing base stations connected to a network, and at each of the base stations, receiving probe signals from terminal devices. For each of the terminal devices, the base station calculates a signature waveform based on a time-reversed waveform of a channel response signal derived from the corresponding probe signal. For each of the terminal devices, the base station determines a downlink transmit signal for the terminal device based on the downlink data and the corresponding signature waveform, and transmits the downlink signals to the terminal devices. Several base stations have overlapping broadcast regions, several terminal devices are located within the overlapped broadcast regions, the base stations transmit the downlink signals using a same frequency band, and some downlink signals transmitted by base stations having overlapping broadcast regions also overlap in time.

Abstract: A system for detecting an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of a subject includes a substrate that is placed on and adheres to the skin over the sternum of the subject. First, second and third electrodes are disposed on the substrate, each of which has an end for contacting a respective area of skin. Directional positioning from the second electrode to the first electrode is substantially perpendicular to directional positioning from the third electrode to the first electrode. A circuit on the first substrate is connected to the electrodes and generates a first ECG channel measuring a difference in electric signals between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a second ECG channel measuring a difference in electric signals between the first electrode and the third electrode. A communication component on the substrate wirelessly transmits ECG information from the circuit to an external device.

Abstract: A handshaking process for time-reversal wireless communication is provided. A first device receives a handshake signal transmitted from a second device through multiple propagation paths, the handshake signal including a preamble and a training sequence, in which the training sequence includes a sequence of symbols known to the first and second devices. A synchronization index is determined based on the preamble, and the training sequence in the handshake signal is identified based on the synchronization index. A channel response signal is determined based on the received training sequence, and a signature waveform that is a time-reversed signal of the channel response signal is generated. A transmission signal is generated based on transmit data and the signature waveform, in which the transmit data are data configured to be transmitted to the second device.