Abstract: A method and apparatus for connecting a user equipment (UE) to a wireless communication network such as a 5th generation network. The network supports node-level tunnelling. Node-level tunnels can be pre-configured prior to receipt of UE attach requests. The tunnels can be shared by plural UEs, flows, or services. A policy function is connected to a network management function and performs tasks such as applying constraints to the node-level tunnels. A session management function pre-establishes node-level tunnels based on policy information from the policy function. Operations of network elements such as the access network node and user plane function to handle UE attachment, session establishment, and handling of mobile-originated and mobile-terminated traffic are described. Also described is a method and apparatus for packet transmission in which packets are processed according to an identified tunnel type. The tunnel type can be identified using a field in the tunnel encapsulation header.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a system and method used for allowing a path selection or reselection (hereby (re)selection). In some embodiments data packets for a session between a UE and an application system (AS) can utilize a pre-established user plane path between the AS and an access node (AN) which serves the UE. This can allow for faster session set-up times as a new user plane (UP) path need not be established for every new session if existing UP paths can be utilized. Some embodiments allow an application aware (re)selection of the user plane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supporting node-level tunneling for mobile user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network such as a 5th generation network.

Abstract: A channel descriptor management message is transmitted on a broadcast connection to a mobile terminal. The channel descriptor management message provides a format for a frame. The frame includes a resource space. The channel descriptor management message defines a plurality of channels within the resource space and allocates at least one of the channels to a plurality of users. Subsequent resource allocation messages may refer to a location within a channel rather than a location within the entire resource space.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a real-time baseline correction technique for infrared time-resolved photoluminescence are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining placement of a virtual serving gateway. The method includes obtaining a set of input information. The input information includes network information and configuration information providing one or more parameters for placing the virtual serving gateway, and includes at least one mobility insensitivity criterion. Placement of the virtual serving gateway at one or more physical hosts is determined in accordance with the network information and the configuration information. The virtual serving gateway is distributively placeable across physical hosts. A set of output information is generated. The output information includes information identifying placement of the virtual serving gateway at the physical hosts, and a hosting percentage for each physical host.

Abstract: A method embodiment includes receiving, by a virtual user-specific service gateway (v-u-SGW) on a processor, a packet, processing the packet, and forwarding the packet to a user equipment (UE). The v-u-SGW is created in accordance with registration of the UE in a network. The method further includes processing the packet in accordance with a configuration of the UE and/or a configuration of the network.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide architectures, methods and systems that will allow reconfigurability of the network to suit the needs of various parties. Accordingly, some embodiments provide a controllable open operation environment. In such an environment, there can be a decoupling of various network aspects which would be conventionally be under the span of control of a service provider, allowing for each aspect to be provided by a different entity. For example, infrastructure can be provided separately from the provider of network services to subscribers and/or from the provider of slices and/or from the provider of NOS services. For example an infrastructure provider can provide infrastructure used by a slice provider to provide network slices to virtual network providers which provide services to end customers. Generally speaking, SONAC-Com is responsible for the composition of slices and manages resources at the slice level. SONAC-Op is responsible for the operation of slices.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide architectures, methods and systems that will allow reconfigurability of the network to suit the needs of various parties. Accordingly, some embodiments provide a controllable open operation environment. In such an environment, there can be a decoupling of various network aspects which would be conventionally be under the span of control of a service provider, allowing for each aspect to be provided by a different entity. For example, infrastructure can be provided separately from the provider of network services to subscribers and/or from the provider of slices and/or from the provider of NOS services. For example an infrastructure provider can provide infrastructure used by a slice provider to provide network slices to virtual network providers which provide services to end customers. Generally speaking, SONAC-Com is responsible for the composition of slices and manages resources at the slice level. SONAC-Op is responsible for the operation of slices.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include methods and devices for inserting data and pilot symbols into Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frames having a time domain and a frequency domain. A method involves inserting in at least one zone of a first type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency and inserting in at least one zone of a second type a two dimensional array of data and pilot symbols in time and frequency. In some implementations the zone of the first type comprises common pilot symbols that can be detected by all receivers receiving the OFDM frame. In some implementations the zone of the second type comprises dedicated pilot symbols that are only detectable by a receiver that is aware of pre-processing used to encode the dedicated pilot symbols.

Abstract: A CCD with an internal heterostructure well to store the photogenerated carriers is realized by using barrier and absorber semiconductors with a type-II band alignment in nBn or pBp photodetectors to form a specific barrier configured to confine the depletion region and a well to trap and store the photogenerated minority carriers. Depending on the spectral regime, (InAs/InAsSb)/(InAs/AlGaSb) superlattices can be used in the infrared, Si/Ge or AlP/GaP in the visible portion of optical spectrum, and GaN/ZnO in the UV portion. The resulting device not only leverages the advantages of the conventional CCD (such as in-pixel signal integration to suppress the noise), but also boasts an advantageously low operational voltage, thereby ensuring the low power consumption and low band-to-band tunneling current/noise (in particular, for use as an infrared photodetector).

Abstract: The description herein relates to pilot designs for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based communication system. In at least one embodiment, the communication system is one operating according to the IEEE 802.16m, or WiMax, standard. In general, an OFDM transmitter operates to insert pilot symbols into a resource of a transmit frame according to a predetermined staggered pilot symbol pattern defining pilot symbol locations within the resource of the transmit frame. The predetermined pilot symbol pattern is defined such that pilot symbols are located at or near time boundaries of the resource, at or near frequency boundaries of the resource, or both. By doing so, when generating a channel estimate for the communication channel between the OFDM transmitter and an OFDM receiver based on the pilot symbols, extrapolations needed to estimate the channel near the boundaries of the resource are optimized, thereby improving overall channel estimation accuracy.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided that enable an OFDM transmitter to be used for transmitting conventional OFDM or a form of transformed OFDM. A technique is provided for transforming a coded and modulated sequence of samples prior to an IFFT that enables the transformed sequence of samples to be transmitted using conventional OFDM or transformed OFDM. The selection of a transform function for transforming the coded and modulated sequence of samples may be based on optimizing the transform function for particular operating conditions between the transmitter and receiver. In some embodiments of the invention OFDM and time transformed OFDM are multiplexed in time and/or frequency in a transmission frame. In some embodiments of the invention a pilot pattern is provided in which the pilot are sent using OFDM and data is sent using OFDM and/or transformed OFDM.

Abstract: Systems and methods reduce redundancy in a data representation. The data is divided into a plurality of data portions. The data portions are used to encode a plurality of compressed data portions, wherein the compressed data portions correspond to a subset of the data portions and comprise less redundant data than the subset of the data portions. The compressed data portions are also encoded in accordance with data in the remaining data portions. The compressed data portions are transmitted instead of the subset of the data portions with the remaining data portions according to a sequence of data portions. Each of the compressed data portions is transmitted upon receiving an acknowledgment message that indicates successful transmission of a previous data portion or compressed data portion in the sequence of data portions.

Abstract: Routing packets through a virtual network (VN) in support of service-based traffic forwarding is provided. Data packets are routed using a virtual router (v-router) toward a destination end point over a pre-configured VN. The v-router is associated with a VN node, which is associated with a physical network node (NN). A data packet associated with the VN is received and a name identifier of the destination end point is specified. A location corresponding to the name identifier is obtained. An indication of a destination VN node corresponding to the location is obtained. An indication of a next VN node on a path between the virtual router and the destination VN node is obtained. The indication of the next VN node is inserted into the packet to produce a routed packet. The routed packet is submitted to the associated NN for transmission toward the next node.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for routing traffic from a user equipment (UE) to a service available on a network. In the method, a virtual router entity that services a virtual network available on the network receives a packet from the UE, the received packet including at least a destination ID and payload. The virtual router then forwards a location resolution request including the received destination ID to an associated connectivity manager operating on the network. The virtual router receives a location resolution response from the connectivity manager including at least a destination network node ID. The virtual router may then forward the packet to the destination network node ID.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for delivering a service to an end point, such as a UE or server, via a communication network, is provided. A virtual network is pre-configured to handle service packets and includes virtual routers for routing packets via logical tunnels. The end point pre-registers with the virtual network and/or service and receives operating parameters for use in service access. The end point location may be tracked following pre-registration. The end point subsequently transmits and/or receives service packets using the operating parameters via an edge node, such as an access node or gateway. The edge node transmits service packets using the operating parameters and, upon detecting operating parameter usage by the end point, forwards received service packets to the virtual network. Operating parameters may include an identifier included in the packet. The end point may use multiple different edge nodes to access the service.

Abstract: A method for tracking a location of a User Equipment (UE) connected to a network is provided. When the UE is in an IDLE state, and a mobility management entity of the network receives a notification message that downlink data is available for the UE, the mobility management entity may transmit paging instructions to access points in a paging area. The paging area may be defined as one or more access points within one or more tracking areas. The tracking areas may be defined as a one or more access points from which the UE can access the network. The paging areas may further be defined by a mobility pattern of the UE that tracks location and mobility behaviour of the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for routing packets to a destination end point over a virtual network (VN) pre-configured on a network. The routing is performed by a VN virtual router (v-router) associated with a node of the VN. The v-router receives a data packet, obtains an indication of location of the destination end point from a connection management (CM) entity tracking the end point, and selects a logical tunnel or next VN node to forward the data packet to. The CM entity tracks end points upon registration and provides updates upon a request or other trigger.