Abstract: Water-insoluble chlorinated hydrocarbons can be largely degraded by mixing with nitric acid and heating to temperatures of 150.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. under pressures of 6 bar to 350 bar.

Abstract: A carbon- and nitrogen-based catalyst consisting essentially of active carbon or active coke and comprising at least 90% by weight of graphite structures containing at least 10% of pores larger than 100 nm in diameter and having incorporated therein an isocyanate which forms C-N-ring structures, the percentage graphite content being at least 90% by weight. The catalayst is especially effective in the low temperature reduction of nitrogen oxides in waste gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the improved separation of clarified liquids from biomass or rather for the separation of clarified sludges in the (aerobic and/or anaerobic) biological treatment of sewage using magnetically separable materials as carrier masses. The carrier masses are organic materials containing magnetically separable inorganic materials incorporated in abrasion-resistant form. These magnetically separable carriers occupy a suspension volume of from 1 to 85% by volume, based on the clarified liquid.The carriers contain magnetically separable inorganic materials incorporated as fillers in organic polymeric materials, particularly in cellular polymeric carriers. Other organic or inorganic fillers may also be used in these organic carriers. The magnetically separable materials used are oxides or mixed oxides of heavy metals, preferably iron oxides, such as Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 (magnetite) and .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, which are used in average particle sizes of less than 50 .mu.

Abstract: The gully closure for preventing the pollution of bodies of water in accident situations consists of a flexible mat (1) which covers the gulley surface and is coated with a highly viscous, free-flowing moulding composition (2). A plastically deformable silicone gel has proved particularly successful as a free-flowing moulding composition (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the improved separation of clarified liquids from biomass in the aerobic and/or anaerobic biological treatment of sewage carried out using magnetically separable materials as carriers. The magnetically separable inorganic materials are used in quantities of from 1 to 150% by weight, based on activated sludge dry matter. The carriers consist of magnetically separable inorganic materials. The magnetically separable materials used are oxides or mixed oxides of heavy metals, preferably iron oxides, such as Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 (magnetite) and .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, which are used in average particle sizes of less than 50 .mu.m, preferably less than 10 .mu.m and more preferably less than 3 .mu.m (for example from 0.1 to 1 .mu.m). These magnetic carriers provide for improved sedimentation or for magnetic separation of the biomasses containing the magnetic materials in the biological treatment of sewage.