Abstract: A dishwashing agent consists of a crystalline, largely water-insoluble sodium layer silicate having a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O of (1.9 to 3.5):1 in combination with a proton donor, a 0.5% strength by weight aqueous solution of the dishwashing agent having a pH of less than 10. The dishwashing agent can furthermore contain a surfactant, an active chlorine or active oxygen carrier, a dispersing agent, an alkali metal phosphate or an alkali metal polyphosphate and a filler.

Abstract: A rinsing composition free from phosphate contains as a builder a crystalline layer sodium silicate of the general formula NaMSi.sub.x O.sub.2x+1.y H.sub.2 O, in which M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number of 1.9-4 and y is a number of 0-20, in admixture with a co-builder which is a polymeric and/or copolymeric carboxylic acid or a salt of said acid.

Abstract: Dimensionally stable alkaline cleansing agents of low density consist at least of 2 to 50% by weight of alkali metal phosphates, 2 to 50% by weight of silicates and 1 to 60% by weight of alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates and additionally contain 0.25 to 10% by weight of phosphoric acid partial esters.These cleansing agents are prepared by first foaming phosphoric acid partial esters with water in a weight ratio of (1:2) to (1:80), using intensive stirring. When the remaining components have been incorporated into the foam, using stirring or kneading, the resulting mixture is converted to moldings. The moldings are allowed to set for 0.5 to 15 hours.

Abstract: A mixture of mercury and red phosphorus obtained by flowing an aqueous solution having at least one mercury salt dissolved in it through a layer of granular red phosphorus in a column arranged in upright position and provided, close to its lower end, with means supporting the layer of red phosphorus, is separated into its constituents. To this end, fluidizing matter is forced from below under pressure over a period of 5-30 minutes through the said means and layer of red phosphorus thereon, the mercury/red phosphorus-mixture covered with solution and provided with flow deflecting paths becoming lifted up; mercury dropping from the mixture so lifted is collected over a period of 5-30 minutes on the supporting means; fluidizing matter is forced from above under pressure over a period of 1-20 seconds into contact with the said mixture; and the mercury running down from the supporting means is collected. Apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Noble metals are recovered from their cyanide complexes in aqueous solution by reaction with red phosphorus. To this end, red phosphorus is used in quantities of 1 to 5 weight %, based on the aqueous solution of the noble metal cyanide complex, in combination with an additional strong oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making striking surfaces wherein red phosphorus, abrasive agents, and binders which are in the form of aqueous urea/formaldehyde or melamine/formaldehyde-condensates, are made into an aqueous suspension which is applied on to a striking surface substrate. More particularly, the suspension, based on the solid matter content of the condensates used as binder, is admixed with 5 to 20 weight %, calculated as solid matter, of an agent cross-linking the amine resin, the cross-linking agent being a polyester or copolymer produced by subjecting an acryl and/or methacryl ester to copolymerization with vinyl acetate in a ratio by weight of 1:9 to 9:1. A pH-value within the range 6.5 to 8.0 is established in the mixture, in the event of the cross-linking agent being a copolymer, or a pH-value within the range 7 to 11 is established, in the event of the cross-linking agent being a polyester.

Abstract: Corrosion and deposition of boiler scale in water-conveying systems are inhibited. To this end the water is admixed with at least one carboxy-alkane compound of phosphorus of the general formula: ##STR1## in which each of the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 stands for hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 stands for hydrogen, an OH-group or an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n stands for 0 or 1, or with at least one water-soluble salt thereof.