Abstract: Embodiments of a prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. An implantable prosthetic valve may be radially collapsible to a collapsed configuration and radially expandable to an expanded configuration. The prosthetic valve may comprise an annular frame, a leaflet structure positioned within the frame and a plurality of outer skirts positioned around an outer surface of the frame, each outer skirt comprising an inflow edge secured to the frame and an outflow edge secured at intervals to the frame. The plurality of outer skirts may include a first outer skirt and a second outer skirt, wherein in the expanded configuration the first and second outer skirts include openings unsecured to the frame between the intervals. The inflow edge of the first annular outer skirt may be secured to the frame with sutures including radiopaque material. The first annular outer skirt may include radiopaque dye.

Abstract: Embodiments of a prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. An implantable prosthetic valve may be radially collapsible to a collapsed configuration and radially expandable to an expanded configuration. The prosthetic valve may comprise an annular frame, a leaflet structure positioned within the frame and a plurality of outer skirts positioned around an outer surface of the frame, each outer skirt comprising an inflow edge secured to the frame and an outflow edge secured at intervals to the frame. The plurality of outer skirts may include a first outer skirt and a second outer skirt, wherein in the expanded configuration the first and second outer skirts include openings unsecured to the frame between the intervals. The inflow edge of the first annular outer skirt may be secured to the frame with sutures including radiopaque material. The first annular outer skirt may include radiopaque dye.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein may be directed to devices, systems, and methods for addressing leaflets within a patient's body, including displacement of such leaflets. The leaflets may be of a native heart valve, or may be of a prosthetic heart valve that has been previously implanted within the patient's body. The leaflets may be displaced to reduce the possibility of the leaflets blocking access to structures within the patient's body, which may comprise cardiac structures such as coronary ostia, for example. As such, a reduced possibility of maladies caused by blockage of the cardiac structures may result.

Abstract: Methods and tools for folding and/or capturing leaflets of a heart valve are disclosed herein. Prior to or during installing of a prosthetic heart valve, part of a leaflet of an existing valvular structure can be positioned distally and/or folded upon itself. The existing valvular structure may be a native heart valve or a previously-implanted prosthetic heart valve. When the existing valvular structure is at the aortic position, the prosthetic heart valve can be subsequently installed within the existing valvular structure such that the leaflet is maintained in a location that avoids obstructing blood flow to one or more of the coronary arteries.

Abstract: Methods and tools for implanting prosthetic heart valves and modifying leaflets of an existing valvular structure in a subject are disclosed herein. Prior to or during implantation of the prosthetic heart valve within the existing valvular structure, each tool can be provided in the ascending aorta (or equivalent thereof) of a subject and can be used to pierce, lacerate, slice, tear, cut or otherwise modify a leaflet or commissure of the existing valvular structure. The existing valvular structure can be a native aortic valve or other native heart valve, or a previously-implanted prosthetic heart valve. The modification can avoid, or at least reduce the likelihood of, issues that leaflets of the existing valvular structure might otherwise cause once the prosthetic heart valve has been fully installed, for example, obstruction of blood flow to the coronary arteries and/or improper valve mounting due to a non-circular cross-section.

Abstract: A prosthetic valve having a frame, a leaflet structure having leaflets forming a primary valve mounted inside the frame, and at least one secondary valve is disclosed. The secondary valve can have a valve element with stationary portion and a detached portion, and at least one aperture in at least one leaflet. The secondary valve can be formed by a portion of at least one leaflet.

Abstract: A radially expandable prosthetic valve can comprise an annular frame, at least one expansion mechanism and a cord. The annular frame can be radially collapsible and expandable between a radially collapsed configuration and a radially expanded configuration. The expansion mechanism can comprise a first member attached to the frame at a first location and a second member attached to the frame at a second location axially spaced from the first location. The cord can extend at least partially along the expansion mechanism in a first direction, be reeved around a portion of the second member, and extend at least partially along the expansion mechanism in a second direction opposite the first direction. Applying a proximally directed force to a first portion of the cord can cause the second member to move relative to the first member, which can cause the frame to foreshorten axially and expand radially.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided of an assembly having a prosthetic valve, the prosthetic valve having a radially expandable and compressible annular frame, and a crimping accessory device, and methods for using the assembly in compressing the prosthetic valve. The frame includes an outer surface and an inner surface. A leaflet assembly is supported inside the annular frame. The leaflet assembly includes a plurality of leaflets, each having an inner surface and an outer surface. The crimping accessory device has a plurality of axially-extending fingers. At least a first finger of the plurality of fingers is disposed between the outer surface of a first leaflet of the plurality of leaflets, and at least a second finger of the plurality of fingers is disposed radially-inwardly of the inner surface of the first leaflet.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided of an assembly having a prosthetic valve, the prosthetic valve having a radially expandable and compressible annular frame, and a crimping accessory device, and methods for using the assembly in compressing the prosthetic valve. The frame includes an outer surface and an inner surface. A leaflet assembly is supported inside the annular frame. The leaflet assembly includes a plurality of leaflets, each having an inner surface and an outer surface. The crimping accessory device has a plurality of axially-extending fingers. At least a first finger of the plurality of fingers is disposed between the outer surface of a first leaflet of the plurality of leaflets, and at least a second finger of the plurality of fingers is disposed radially-inwardly of the inner surface of the first leaflet.

Abstract: Embodiments of a prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. An implantable prosthetic valve may be radially collapsible to a collapsed configuration and radially expandable to an expanded configuration. The prosthetic valve may comprise an annular frame, a leaflet structure positioned within the frame and a plurality of outer skirts positioned around an outer surface of the frame, each outer skirt comprising an inflow edge secured to the frame and an outflow edge secured at intervals to the frame. The plurality of outer skirts may include a first outer skirt and a second outer skirt, wherein in the expanded configuration the first and second outer skirts include openings unsecured to the frame between the intervals. The inflow edge of the first annular outer skirt may be secured to the frame with sutures including radiopaque material. The first annular outer skirt may include radiopaque dye.

Abstract: Embodiments of a prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. An implantable prosthetic valve may be radially collapsible to a collapsed configuration and radially expandable to an expanded configuration. The prosthetic valve may comprise an annular frame, a leaflet structure positioned within the frame and a plurality of outer skirts positioned around an outer surface of the frame, each outer skirt comprising an inflow edge secured to the frame and an outflow edge secured at intervals to the frame. The plurality of outer skirts may include a first outer skirt and a second outer skirt, wherein in the expanded configuration the first and second outer skirts include openings unsecured to the frame between the intervals. The inflow edge of the first annular outer skirt may be secured to the frame with sutures including radiopaque material. The first annular outer skirt may include radiopaque dye.

Abstract: Embodiments of a prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. An implantable prosthetic valve may be radially collapsible to a collapsed configuration and radially expandable to an expanded configuration. The prosthetic valve may comprise an annular frame, a leaflet structure positioned within the frame and a plurality of outer skirts positioned around an outer surface of the frame, each outer skirt comprising an inflow edge secured to the frame and an outflow edge secured at intervals to the frame. The plurality of outer skirts may include a first outer skirt and a second outer skirt, wherein in the expanded configuration the first and second outer skirts include openings unsecured to the frame between the intervals. The inflow edge of the first annular outer skirt may be secured to the frame with sutures including radiopaque material. The first annular outer skirt may include radiopaque dye.

Abstract: A prosthetic valve having a frame, a leaflet structure having leaflets forming a primary valve mounted inside the frame, and at least one secondary valve is disclosed. The secondary valve can have a valve element with stationary portion and a detached portion, and at least one aperture in at least one leaflet. The secondary valve can be formed by a portion of at least one leaflet.

Abstract: Embodiments of a prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. An implantable prosthetic valve may be radially collapsible to a collapsed configuration and radially expandable to an expanded configuration. The prosthetic valve may comprise an annular frame, a leaflet structure positioned within the frame and a plurality of outer skirts positioned around an outer surface of the frame, each outer skirt comprising an inflow edge secured to the frame and an outflow edge secured at intervals to the frame. The plurality of outer skirts may include a first outer skirt and a second outer skirt, wherein in the expanded configuration the first and second outer skirts include openings unsecured to the frame between the intervals. The inflow edge of the first annular outer skirt may be secured to the frame with sutures including radiopaque material. The first annular outer skirt may include radiopaque dye.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided of an assembly having a prosthetic valve, the prosthetic valve having a radially expandable and compressible annular frame, and a crimping accessory device, and methods for using the assembly in compressing the prosthetic valve. The frame includes an outer surface and an inner surface. A leaflet assembly is supported inside the annular frame. The leaflet assembly includes a plurality of leaflets, each having an inner surface and an outer surface. The crimping accessory device has a plurality of axially-extending fingers. At least a first finger of the plurality of fingers is disposed between the outer surface of a first leaflet of the plurality of leaflets, and at least a second finger of the plurality of fingers is disposed radially-inwardly of the inner surface of the first leaflet.

Abstract: Embodiments of a prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. An implantable prosthetic valve may be radially collapsible to a collapsed configuration and radially expandable to an expanded configuration. The prosthetic valve may comprise an annular frame, a leaflet structure positioned within the frame and a plurality of outer skirts positioned around an outer surface of the frame, each outer skirt comprising an inflow edge secured to the frame and an outflow edge secured at intervals to the frame. The plurality of outer skirts may include a first outer skirt and a second outer skirt, wherein in the expanded configuration the first and second outer skirts include openings unsecured to the frame between the intervals. The inflow edge of the first annular outer skirt may be secured to the frame with sutures including radiopaque material. The first annular outer skirt may include radiopaque dye.

Abstract: A method and system for knowing positioning system standard time at a mobile unit with respect to a system, such as the Global Positioning System, when normal, direct measurement may be impracticable owing to low signal-to noise ratio, by calibrating the timing signal of an available communication network, such as a cellular telephone transmission network (610, 615). A time reference is set for the communication network with respect to the positioning system at a time when an adequate signal-to-noise ratio prevails and the offset of a timing event in the communication network control signal measured by means of the mobile unit's internal clock may be determined (620, 625). Subsequent times are measured with respect to this time reference by using the internal clock to measure time intervals therefrom.

Abstract: A method and system for finding the position of a mobile unit with respect to the satellites of a satellite network such as the Global Positioning System and with respect to the base stations of a wireless communications network. Each satellite transmits a signal that consists of a series of frames of a pseudonoise sequence. The frames of a signal received from the satellite network by the mobile unit are arranged as columns of a matrix and are processed coherently to provide estimated pseudoranges and estimated rates of change of pseudoranges for in view satellites. The coherent processing includes performing an orthogonal transform on the rows of the matrix, multiplying the elements of the matrix by Doppler compensation factors, and then, for each satellite in view, convolving the columns of the matrix with the pseudonoise sequence of that satellite. Other pseudoranges are inferred from synchronization burst sequences received by the mobile unit from one or more base stations.

Abstract: A locator using Navstar constellation signals for determining geographical location of a mobile receiver. The locator is integrated with a mobile unit of a cellular network, which derives its reference frequency from a local oscillator (26). A frequency measuring module (28) counts the number of digital numbers derived from the local oscillator passing between two consecutive time-tagged indicators of the cellular network. The estimated frequency is calculated by dividing the number of digital numbers by the nominal time interval (T0) between the indicators.

Abstract: A disclosed algorithm enables fast and efficient location of a mobile unit by obtaining and processing a snapshot of signals from all satellites in view of a constellation such as the Global Positioning System. The method is capable of dealing with weak signals and requires minimal use of processing time and use of communications resources. Each satellite transmits a signal that consists of a series of frames of a pseudo-noise sequence whereupon is superimposed a satellite data message. The total signal received from the satellite network by the mobile unit is arranged as columns of a matrix and is processed coherently to provide estimated pseudo-ranges and estimated rates of change of pseudo-ranges for in-view satellites. The coherent processing includes performing an initial orthogonal transform on the rows of the matrix and, uses prior knowledge to select that portion of the matrix containing a particular satellite signal for further processing.