Abstract: To determine the deviation of two juxtaposed cylindrical rollers from parallelism of their axes, the angle included between a reference direction (e.g. vertical) and a line tangent to the roller surfaces is measured and the process is repeated at another location axially spaced from the first one. The method is particularly applicable to calendering rollers in paper-making machinery or the like.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric made up of a plurality of impervious nonwoven sheets joined together in a laminated arrangement to define the fabric or belt. Defined throughout the fabric are a series of drainage apertures which are created in the fabric by conventional techniques, such as laser drilling. The size and distribution of the apertures can be varied to provide a given permeability. Small surface apertures are provided to prevent loss of fiber through the fabric. Each of the layers of the papermakers fabric serves a particular purpose. For example, one or more of the layers may be made of an abrasion resistant material. Other layers may be made of materials exhibiting other desirable characteristics such as resistance to heat, acid, flame and static charge, to name a few. Yarns to provide added strength may be placed between the layers or incorporated into one or more of them.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric for use in papermaking and which is made from a plurality of elongated, linked, slotted elements. The elongated elements can be formed by extrusion or by lamination and are linked one to the next either by an integral tongue or through the use of a pintle connecting means which extends from one elongated element to the adjacent element. The desired permeability can be provided by forming apertures in the elongated elements and can be such that the permeability of the fabric varies in the cross machine direction. The permeability of the papermakers fabric can also be adjusted by varying the tension in the fabric in the machine direction. Individual elongated elements can also be configured so that the high-wear areas of the fabrics, for example the edges, have a greater material thickness than the low-wear areas and so that the cross section of the fabric can be varied to compensate for roll crown or other roll irregularities.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric formed from a plurality of elongated, generally cylindrical pintles which are positioned in spaced relationship relative to each other and with their axes substantially parallel to define the width of the fabric. A plurality of link members interconnect the several pintles to define the length of the fabric. Each link interconnects two pintles and the configuration of the link can be varied to facilitate the manufacture thereof, to facilitate construction of the fabric, and to facilitate repair of a damaged fabric while the same is on the papermaking machine. Additionally, the permeability of the fabric can be varied by changing the thickness of the links used to form the fabric. Moreover, the links can be made of injection molded plastic for reduced cost.