Abstract: The sulfonation of epoxidized ricinoleic acid glycerides with a dry stream of gaseous sulfur trioxide diluted with a carrier gas, followed by a reaction of the sulfonated reaction product with nucleophiles, leads to salt-free and anhydrous products showing surface-active properties.

Abstract: In the process for the preparation of high concentration, low-viscosity liquid pigment pastes comprising mixing pigments, a substantially non-volatile liquid organic media, a suspension assistant, and, optionally, fillers, the improvement consisting of using acidic reaction products of the reaction of:(A) unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compounds, and(B) an unsaturated ester of a dicarboxylic acid, which reaction product is produced by heating said component A and said component B in a weight ratio of 1:7 to 1:35 for from 1 to 25 hours at a temperature in the range of 200.degree. to 250.degree., as said suspension assistant;as well as the high concentration, low-viscosity pigment pastes and solutions of said acidic reaction products in organic liquid media.

Abstract: Dispersion adjuvants are described comprising .beta.-hydroxyalkyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 21 carbon atoms, in which at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is alkyl and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 ranges from 6 to 22, and wherein R.sub.3 represents alkyl with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups and/or interrupted by 1 to 2 ether bridges, as well as the adducts of compounds of Formula I with alkylene oxides, preferably ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. The dispersion adjuvants are coated on pigment and filler materials for paints and lacquers. The coating is applied before or during the dispersion of the materials in the paint or lacquer media or vehicle.

Abstract: A process for improving the dispersibility of inorganic pigments and fillers which comprises contacting said pigments and fillers with esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids having 4 to 22 carbon atoms with tertiary alkylolamines, and recovering a highly dispersible pigment or filler.

Abstract: Anti-foaming agent compositions for use in aqueous synthetic resin or natural resin dispersions, containing a carboxylic acid-N-alkylamide having the formula ##EQU1## WHEREIN R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyls having from 10 to 26 carbon atoms, n and m are integers from 0 to 2, with the proviso that one of n or m is other than 0, dispersed in water or an organic liquid.