Abstract: A brake unit for automotive vehicles with electric drive is configured in the shape of a multiple-circuit compound system consisting of hydraulic friction brakes of brake circuits (I, I', I", III, III', III") and of an electroregenerative brake system (circuit II, II', II"). In a vehicle with a driven and a non-driven axle, three brake circuits exist, one brake circuit of which (I, I', I") is comprised of a pedal-actuated hydraulic brake pressure master unit (2) and of friction brakes (3, 4) acting upon the non-driven wheels. The second brake circuit (II, II', II") which represents an electroregenerative brake system is directly or indirectly coupled to the brake pedal and acts upon the driven wheels. The third brake circuit (III, III', III") which is comprised of friction brakes (10, 11) also acts upon the driven wheels. The actuation of the wheel brakes (10, 11) is connected to the second and third brake circuits.

Abstract: A device for actuating the control valve (14) of a hydraulic power steering system for automotive vehicles, the rotary motion of a steering wheel being transmitted by means of a steering shaft (2) and the steering torque being transmitted by a relative rotation between the steering shaft (2) and a pinion shaft (4), and wherein the control valve (14) is a linear slide valve. A sleeve (6) embracing the steering shaft (2)and the pinion shaft (4) converts the relative rotation between the two shafts into an axial displacement axially and helically extending coulisse-type guides (7, 8), angularly disposed to one another, within which pins (9, 10), rigidly coupled to the steering shaft (2) and the pinion shaft (4), are received.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the boiling temperature of a brake fluid to in turn determine the water content therein includes an electrically heatable sensor element (13) immersed into the fluid under test, a power source (12) supplying a current of a constant amplitude, and a measuring system (15) for measuring the voltage drop on the sensor element (13). A stable cellular convection heat transfer mechanism into the surrounding fluid arises, with the voltage drop across the sensor element (13) being indicative of the boiling point of the fluid. The sensor element is in the form of a linear conductor (13', 20, 21) clamped on either end. The sensor element also may comprise a plurality of linear conductors (13', 20, 21) of this type connected in parallel or in series.

Abstract: A controllable hydraulic vibration damper for automotive vehicles comprising a working cylinder which contains damping fluid and which is subdivided into two working chambers by a damping piston with a piston rod, the damper comprising at least one channel disposed outside of the working chambers, a valve assembly having at least one controllable valve, and a compensating chamber, which vibration damper is a simple structure and has an optimal control for the rebound and compression travel, and a first working chamber in permanent communication with the channel and the compensating chamber, while the second working chamber is connected with the channel and the compensating chamber by a valve assembly including an electronically and a series of one way acting valves.

Abstract: In order to avoid energy losses, particularly in the case of actuating operations characterized by energetic cycles, it is suggested to insert a double-lever cam-and-roller transmission mechanism between a hydraulic accumulator and a hydraulic pressure consumer which mechanism has the effect that the accumulator pressure and the consumer pressure are always balanced. The consumer is therefore actuatable by means of slight control forces, the energy used thus remaining at a minimum. Thus, only the slight actuating energy of the control forces and the unavoidable hysteresis loss of the system need to be compensated for.

Abstract: A controllable vibration damper for automotive vehicles is disclosed having a damping piston which is axially slidably and sealedly guided in a damping tube, and which subdivides the damping tube filled with a damping medium into two working chambers. The connection between the two working chambers is provided with at least one non-regulated first valve and at least one controllable second valve, which valves are arranged acting hydraulically in parallel in respect to one another. In order to be able to regulate the effective damping force continuously in wide ranges, for the adjustment of damping hardness, the controllable valve will periodically open and close in rapid sequence in dependence upon pulsed control signals.

Abstract: The disclosed lever-type gear works on a variable transmission ratio, with the degree of transmission being respectively dependent on the position of the levers and the position of the roller element between the levers. According to a preferred arrangement, the gear can be so designed as to provide a state of indifferent equilibrium once a force F.sub.P is applied to the associated lever by a rod located on the driving side, which force F.sub.P changes along with the stroke s.sub.p of the rod while a constant force is applied to rod applying force to the other lever, irrespective of the stroke s.sub.M thereof.

Abstract: A resettable booster is disclosed including a booster chamber in communication with a resetting chamber through a closable connection. For pressure relief of the master brake cylinder, valves are switched so that the booster piston is pressure-balanced and the master brake cylinder force shifts the booster piston back into the brake release position. The pressure fluid is supplied from the booster chamber into the resetting chamber. Advantageously, the volume intake of the booster is small, hence allowing the use of an extremely simple pressure source construction. The pressure source is a cylinder with an accumulator chamber that is confined by a piston, wherein the piston is moved by the difference in pressure between the atmosphere and the vacuum in the intake side internal-combustion engine of the vehicle.

Abstract: A sensor for automotive vehicles with electronic control of the driving and braking behavior and/or of vibration damping in dependence on the rotational wheel speed and on the vertical acceleration of the vehicle, the sensor designed as a dual-function or multiple-function sensor by combining and structurally uniting an inductive or magnetoresistive transducer for monitoring rotational wheel velocity and a vertical acceleration sensor system for monitoring vertical vehicle body motion and, if applicable, other sensors. The measured signals are led from the sensor to signal processing circuitry via common output signal line.

Abstract: A brake pressure modulator for a brake skid-controlled brake system for automotive vehicles is disclosed including a volume take-up device including a plunger disposed in a cylindrical chamber and preloaded by a spring into the cylindrical chamber. The plunger is closely guided out of the cylindrical chamber to the outside and is connected to a driving mechanism which upon occurrence of a brake skid signal at least in part pulls the plunger out of the cylindrical chamber to expand the volume thereof and to thereby decrease the brake pressure. Provided between the driving mechanism and the plunger is a gear of a transmission ratio variable depending on the plunger position.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed for determining and checking a state or condition of a hydraulic fluid contained in a brake system, including a state of hydration and/or age such that the fluid boiling point is reduced. The boiling point or a characteristic value of the fluid which depends on the boiling point, on the one hand, and the instantaneous temperature value of the fluid, on the other hand, are measured by means of sensor elements. These two values represent a range of permissible comparative temperature values, including a thermal reserve which is within that same range and is determined for further permissible heating of the fluid. A warning signal is released when a predetermined minimum value of the thermal reserve is reached. The sensor elements have hollow spaces with open walls permitting fluid flow-through and have such a design as to ensure that, after heating-up, there comes about a stable cellular convection in a temperature range lying below the boiling temperature.

Abstract: In a brake-slip-controlled automotive vehicle brake system, a pedal-operated master cylinder is provided which applies hydraulic fluid to the wheel brake circuits via at least one braking pressure modulator and via one electromagnetically operated closing valve at a time. The pressure modulator comprises a volume receiver and a pneumatic piston-and-cylinder arrangement acting on the volume receiver and connected with a vacuum source and a pressure source via a change-over valve actuated by a brake slip control circuit. Inserted into each hydraulic line between the master cylinder and the pressure modulator is an electromagnetically operated pilot valve having a normal operating position and a suction position. A traction slip control circuit switches the pilot valves over upon the occurrence of traction slip and ensures that the pressure modulator is reversed to the direction of increasing volume admission.

Abstract: In a piston-cylinder assembly for hydraulic brake systems of automotive vehicles, the piston is at least partially composed of ceramics. A hydraulic seal is interposed between the piston and the cylinder. To simplify the assembly while allowing comparatively great tolerances, the seal is fitted at the end of the piston that is adapted to be mounted close to a pressure chamber within the system. The seal is provided with radially-extending projections which cause the piston to spring back by a roll-back effect.

Abstract: A vehicle brake system comprises two pressure modulators (16, 18) one of which (16) is associated with one of the brake circuits (12) and the other of which (18) is associated with the other (14) of the brake circuits. The modulators (16, 18) are accommodated in a housing, preferably in the form of a twin arrangement, and are actuated by means of a common drive unit. The pressure modulators (16, 18) each include a plunger piston (78) which is acted on by a differential gear in the common drive unit. In a first embodiment, a vacuum servo drive (20) serves as the drive unit and the differential gear comprises a linear guiding element (106) and an angular lever (112) articulated thereto. The force required to hold down the plunger pistons (78) in their initial position can be applied mainly pneumatically. A ventilatable chamber (M2) of the vacuum servo drive (20) being connected for that purpose with the ventilatable working chamber (B2) of a vacuum brake power booster (32 ).

Abstract: A power steering device for parking for automotive vehicles has a left-turn switch (11) and a right-turn switch (12) which are associated with the steering column (13) which, in case of the steering wheel's (14) not being operated, adopt a first position and which, in case of a left or a right turn of the steering wheel (14), adopt a second position and act on associated left and right turning angle valves (17, 18) via an AND-gate (15, 16) associated with each. Upon actuation of the left-turn switch or of the right-turn switch (11, 12) a hydraulic pressure source is connected correspondingly to a hydraulic energy-generating device (34) assisting the steering system and acting on the steering linkage (37). The steering-column (13)-and-steering-wheel (14) arrangement consists of two parts (13, 14) twistable relative to each other in a limited manner upon a turn of the steering wheel (14).

Abstract: This brake system contains a braking pressure generator aggregate which influences the rear axle braking pressure so as to control the braking force distribution between front and rear axles in dependence on the static and dynamic axle load distribution and on other parameters resulting from the braking behavior. The braking pressure generator aggregate is connected to a tandem master brake cylinder and pressurized by an operating pressure, the braking pressure generator aggregate reduces in a ratio corresponding to a basic rating of the braking force distribution and makes available for basic rear axle braking pressure. The tandem master brake cylinder thus performs the major part of the braking operation at the rear axle. A vacuum servo drive is a part of the braking pressure generator aggregate and is activated in order to raise or lower the braking pressure at the rear axle above or below the basic braking pressure.

Abstract: A braking pressure modulator is disclosed including a gear unit which is interposed between its actuator and a volume-receiving unit and whose transmission varies in dependence upon the stroke of a displacement member or plunger in the volume-receiving unit. To this end, the gear unit is designed such that the hydraulic forces urging the displacement member or plunger in a shift-out direction remain in balance with a constant predefined adjusting force of the actuator when the displacement member or plunger is shifted out after attainment of a predetermined maximum pressure in the volume-receiving unit and with a hydraulic separating valve closed. To control the plunger strokes, only small changes in the adjusting force of the actuator are required. In one embodiment, the actuator of the braking pressure modulator is an electric motor.

Abstract: An automotive vehicle braking device comprises a hydraulic master cylinder (11) having at least one piston (21) for pressurization of the wheel cylinders connected thereto with hydraulic pressure and also having a vacuum brake force booster (12) inserted between the brake pedal (52) and the piston (21). The master cylinder (11) is integrated in the construction of the vacuum brake force booster (12).

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system for automotive vehicles with an anti-skid device is combined with a hydraulic level adjustment system by simultaneously utilizing the brake line leading to the rear axle for level adjustment. The brake line leading to the rear axle is utilized for the transmission of the level adjustment pressure whenever the brake pedal is not applied. In the case of the brake pedal being applied, however, the level adjustment system is inactivated.

Abstract: A brake power-controlled brake device for automotive vehicles is provided with a hydraulic master cylinder (11) which is, via a pneumatically actuated pressure modulator (12), connected to at least one wheel cylinder brake circuit I. The pressure modulator (12) comprises a vacuum power generator (20) and a compensating cylinder (18) equipped with a hydraulic piston (16, 16' or 16"), connected to which compensating cylinder is the wheel cylinder brake circuit I. If a brake slip signal occurs, the piston wall (14) of the vacuum power generator (20), which piston wall is normally applied by a vacuum on both sides, is temporarily connected with a higher pressure in the direction in which the volume in the compensating chamber (32) is increased. In addition, an isolating valve (15) is provided which is normally open but is closed when a brake slip signal occurs, and which is inserted in the connecting line (19) from the master cylinder (11) to the compensating chamber (32).