Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) architecture (100) is provided that includes a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) (116). The PLL architecture (100) also includes a digital calibration loop (132) coupled to the VCO (116). The digital calibration loop (132) implements a digital filter (126) to provide a digital control to the VCO (116) for centering a VCO frequency output. The PLL architecture (100) also includes an analog calibration loop (130) coupled to the VCO (116). The analog calibration loop (130) provides an analog control to the VCO (116) for adjusting the centered VCO frequency output.

Abstract: A method of forming a resistor in an integrated circuit, comprising etching a first via in a first layer of dielectric material, depositing a layer of metal adjacent the first layer of dielectric material, depositing a second layer of dielectric material adjacent the layer of metal, and etching a second via in the second layer of dielectric material, said second via electrically connected in series to the first via by way of the layer of metal to form said resistor.

Abstract: A combination section consisting of a base section (1) and a covering section (2). The covering section (2) is of an anti-friction material having a coefficient of expansion deviating from that of the material of the base section (1), and is divided between fastening points into partial lengths (4). The partial lengths (4) are interconnected by deformable bridges (6). This makes it possible for the partial lengths (4) to expand essentially unhindered, independent of the expansion of the base section (1) to a different extent.

Abstract: A combined fabric stretching and straightening apparatus is comprised of a pair of cylinders having helical configurations on their periphery the cylinders being mounted for rotation on a shaft adapted to be driven in a direction opposite the direction of feed of a fabric web. The cylinders may rotate relative to each other and the shaft or may be coupled to rotate with the shaft by clutches interposed between the cylinders and shaft. Sensors are optionally provided for energizing one or the other clutch so as to center the fabric as it is fed.

Abstract: The links (1) of a chain such as a tentering chain are respectively connected to each other by pins (6). In order to secure the pin against rotating and against axial shifting, an end of the pin (6) protruding beyond an outer surface of a lug (2) of the chain link (1) is provided with a radial bore (7) into which one prong (8) of a two pronged spring clip element (9) is inserted. The other prong (10) of the spring clip element (9) partially encircles the protruding end of the pin (6). A shoulder (14) projects from the outer surface of the lug (2) and a groove (13) extends into said shoulder so that a bottom (12) of the groove (13) forms a stop surface perpendicular to the lug plane. One end (15) of the one prong (8) and a transition part (11) between the two prongs (8, 10) rest against the stop surface for securely holding the spring clip element in place.

Abstract: The pin-nipper chain consists of holders detachably secured on links and is composed of two holder parts of U-shaped cross section. On the underside of one of the holder parts a slider is detachably fastened in a sheetmetal part. On an inner side of the other holder part a slider is enclosed, likewise detachably, also in a sheetmetal part. The other holder part is exchangeable for a holder part which is provided, instead of the slider, with a vertical axle on which a ball bearing is arranged.

Abstract: A chain guide for a stenter comprises head pieces and end pieces, each carrying a respective return wheel for the associated chain, each head piece being pivotally connected to an associated guide rail so that it can be swung out about a vertical axis and each end piece being displaceable outwardly while remaining parallel to the guide rails. The arrangement allows vertical chain reversal while still allowing clips to be carried by the chain and to engage and disengage a web satisfactorily.