Abstract: The method for producing peptides, peptide mimetics and proteins is characterized in that an enzyme is used as a biocatalyst together with a peptide mimetic. The native specificity of the enzyme is modified by chemical or genetic manipulation, the substrate mimetic is a carboxyl component with an ester leaving group whose specificity determinant is adapted to the recognition site of the enzyme. The invention also concerns the trypsin variant D189K,K60E and its use as a C-N ligase in segment condensations.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the regiospecific modification of peptides and proteins with probes and reporter molecules using peptidases in combination with a non-amino acid-like or non-peptide-like substrate mimetic.

Abstract: The method for producing peptides, peptide mimetics and proteins is characterized in that an enzyme is used as a biocatalyst together with a peptide mimetic. The native specificity of the enzyme is modified by chemical or genetic manipulation, the substrate mimetic is a carboxyl component with an ester leaving group whose specificity determinant is adapted to the recognition site of the enzyme. The invention also concerns the trypsin variant D189K,K60E and its use as a C—N ligase in segment condensations.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the enzymatic preparation of protected di- and oligopeptides and the separation of the protective groups used. The process according to the invention enables peptides to be synthesized simply and economically and the protective group to be separated carefully. The process comprises three reaction steps: 1. Preparation of N-carbamoyl amino acid or N-carbamoyl amino acid derivatives; 2. Formation of the peptide bond between the carbamoyl-protected electrophile and nucelophile; and 3. Separation of the carbamoyl-protective group.

Abstract: A water-supported enzymatic reaction is carried out with the substrate and the enzyme present in the solid phase. Either the water does not form a liquid continuum around substrate and enzyme, or the water acts at least partially out of the gas phase, or the water required for the reaction is added via a solid, or at least a part of the water required for the reaction is transferred by means of solid body contacts or by a combination of these means. The reaction mixture can be mixed by ultrasound or turbulence, e.g. in a fluidized bed, or both.

Abstract: The biocatalytic production of a peptide is carried out with a zymogen instead of the customarily used protease. Since zymogens are proteolytically inactive precursors of proteases, proteolytic side reactions are largely suppressed. Preferably, amino acid esters or peptide esters and C-terminally derivatized amino acids or peptide fragments are coupled to each other. The reaction can also take place in a frozen, aqueous medium. In particular, chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, pepsinogen, prorennin or procarboxypeptidase are suitable as zymogens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing chirally uniform peptides. The aim of the invention is the preparation of chirally uniform peptides with the aid of proteolytic enzymes. The object comprises reacting alkyl esters of N-acylamino acids with proteases with amino acids, amino acid derivatives or peptides. The object is achieved by reacting an ester of an N-acylamino acid with a suitable amino acid derivative or peptide derivative with an unprotected N-terminal alphaamino group in frozen aqueous solution during catalysis with a serine protease or cysteine protease.