Abstract: A device for feeding a gaseous fluid radially from a center of a vessel outwards, including a central vertical gas feed tube having at least one vertical row of discharge openings, a catalyst bed of bulk material accommodated in a perforated basket, which includes a perforated cylindrical surface surrounding the central vertical gas feed tube in a spaced relationship thereto and defines with the guide feed tube a hollow cylindrical space, the perforated cylindrical surface defining an impingement surface of the catalyst bed, and deflector elements provided at the at least one row of the discharge openings to insure a substantially tangential flow of gas into the hollow cylindrical space.

Abstract: A device for the generation of synthesis gas with a plurality of catalyst-filled reformer tubes suspended in a pressure vessel, the reformer tubes being at least partially enveloped by jacket tubes intended to conduct product gas in an upward direction from a lower mixing chamber into the head space of the pressure vessel, the intended purpose of said device being to provide a solution, in particular for improving the mixing of the ensuing streams while simultaneously equalizing the heat transfer by mechanically simple and economical means.This is achieved by making the jacket tubes protrude beyond the ends of the reformer tubes thus forming an individual mixing chamber for each reformer tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for performing exothermic catalytic gas reactions for synthesis of ammonia or methanol, comprising essentially a high-pressure shell, an insert, and an upper cover, the insert being equipped at least with two superimposed annular cylindrical catalyst containments having a gas-permeable inner and outer wall for radial gas flow from the outside towards the inside and with two tubular gas/gas heat exchangers arranged centrally in the first and second catalyst containers.

Abstract: A vessel for the generation of synthesis gas at a high pressure, using hydrocarbons, includes a catalytic endothermic reforming section with a plurality of reformer tubes heated externally and filled with a catalyst, and a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam entering the reformer tubes which are positioned by a common plate. The reforming gas generated in the tubes flows from the tubed section into a partial oxidation section which has a larger diameter than the tubed section and the shape of a pressure vessel closed at one end, the free ends of the reformer tubes penetrating into the partial oxidation section, and in which inlet gas such as additional hydrocarbons and oxygen or oxygen-rich gas are mixed with the reforming gas. A plurality of inlet devices for the inlet gas are positioned in the cylindrical shell of the partial oxidation section with the axes of the gas flow streams being inclined away from the radial.

Abstract: A device for manufacturing a product gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxide from a feedgas mixture comprised substantiallty of hydrocarbon, includes a vessel partitioned by a tubesheet into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. Reformer tubes are mounted on and extend through the tubesheet from the upper chamber into the lower chamber. Each reformer tube is laterally enclosed over at least a portion of its axial length downwardly from the tubesheet by a jacket spaced outwardly therefrom forming an annular space extending along each said tube for establishing communication between the upper the lower chambers, allowing the product gas to be withdrawn from the upper chamber. The tubesheet forms a distribution chamber for directing the feedgas mixture into the reformer tubes. The tubesheet is formed of an inner hollow body mounted within an outer hollow body, with the two hollow bodies being in flow communication.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger for heat transfer between ammonia converter effluent recycle gases and water, a plurality of U-shaped tubes have their inlet and outlet ends connected to a tubesheet which divides the interior of a shell into a pressure chamber and a heat exchange chamber containing the tubes. The pressure chamber is divided into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber with the cooled recycle gases flowing into the outlet chamber and cooling the inlet chamber. The tubes are formed of ferritic steel and are welded to the tubesheet. A tubular cladding of nitriding-resistant material extends through the tubesheet at the inlets to the tubes and spaces the recycle gases from the tubes at the inlet ends.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for lining the inner walls of industrial furnaces with a plurality of insulating blocks, each block comprising an insulating mat which is folded in corrugated manner and possibly stitched in this shape, the insulating mats being made of highly heat-resistant material, especially ceramic fibrous material, with carrying elements arranged on the outside of the corrugations, the carrying elements being equipped on the outside of the insulating blocks with fixing means to allow each individual insulating block to be fixed to the furnace wall.

Abstract: A reaction vessel for heating by helium under pressure comprising an upright container provided with an upper part and with a lower part constituting a heating space. In the lower container part are vertically spaced inlet and outlet openings for heated helium under pressure. The upper container part has spaced walls providing a space therebetween and two covers. The upper end of the lower container part is closed and catalyst-filled reaction tubes pass through such closure into the heating space. Inlet and outlet pipes for the reaction tubes extend in coaxial manner from the reaction tubes head through the inner wall of the upper reactor part below the cover of such inner wall, and thence through the space between the inner and outer walls and finally to the outside through the outer wall of the upper part below the cover for the outer wall. The length of the inlet and outlet pipes inside the space is more than the distance of the walls, and the coaxial pipes may be disposed in serpentine fashion.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a nuclear reactor of the cavern type comprises a double walled vessel disposed within a steel liner. The vessel contains a large number of reaction tubes provided with a catalyst through which the material to be reformed flows. The outlet pipes of the reaction tubes act as a heat exchanger in the outer space of the vessel, which is filled with water. The vessel rests upon a bracket on the lower part of the liner, and the space between the liner and vessel in the region of the bracket is sealed by a double flange structure. At the top of the vessel, seal is effected by a cover, membrane ring, and a double flange arrangement. The annular space between the liner and vessel is sealed by a packing against the recycle gas nozzle leading from the interior of the vessel.

Abstract: A device for performing catalytic endothermic reactions which comprises a vessel having a heat exchanger provided with cooling tubes which extend through an outer tubesheet of the heat exchanger. These tubes are sealed against the outer tubesheet of the heat exchanger, and are connected rigidly to the inner tubesheet. Reaction tubes are provided with catalyst support grids, and the sections of these tubes below the grids are of a length that is at least equal to the diameter of the respective tubes. Downstream of the support grids, the process gas discharge tubes extend centrally through the catalyst-free portions of the reaction tubes and are spaced from the inner walls of the cooling tubes. The spaces between the process gas discharge tubes and the reaction tubes are filled with insulating material. The process gas discharge tubes, which are disposed within the cooling tubes, may extend to or beyond the outer tubesheets of the heat exchanger.