Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for hemodialysis comprising a mixing means which prepares dialysis solution for a dialyzer by mixing concentrate with prepared water. The apparatus comprises a protective system which is independent of the mixing system and which is based on monitoring the conductivity of the dialysis solution. For protection against confusion of the concentrate containers to be connected, in the concentrate intake conduits conductivity measuring cells are additionally provided and the output signals thereof are compared with the desired values of the conductivity of the concentrates of the concentrate containers to be connected. In advantageous manner said conductivity cells are integrated into the concentrate intake conduits in such a way that they serve simultaneously as level sensors for the concentrate in the containers.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating blood in an extracorporeal circuit for hemodialysis of hemofiltration and a method for withdrawing heat from blood in an extracorporeal circuit wherein blood is brought into contact along a membrane with a treatment solution which has been heated to a temperature in a source making the treatment of fluid available such that the energy balance of the patient is maintained, the temperature of the source being controlled in that the temperature of the blood emerging from the patient is measured, the temperature value obtained is compared with a predetermined temperature value and on determination of a difference between the two values the source temperature is changed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described for determining the partial pressures of gases in blood, in which a membrane filter is used to separate plasma which passes to a blood gas analyzer.

Abstract: A hemodialysis apparatus includes a sterile filter whose outlet, which is usually closed, is connected to a line leading to a discharge outlet in wherein a bypass valve is employed which can be opened at predetermined intervals both during treatment and during flushing operations. The sterile filter has a primary chamber and a secondary chamber. When the bypass valve is opened during treatment, dialysis solution flows out of the primary chamber of the sterile filter and flushes the pyrogens and particles disposed on the membranes of the filter into the discharge. No sterilizating filtration of the dialysis solution takes place through the pores of the membrane because the flow resistance present in the adjoining dialyzer, in conjunction with a degree of clogging of the pores, prevents such a flow. A ventilation means may be provided whereby the bypass circuit of the sterile filter can be ventilated. The bypass circuit may also be employed for a pressure retaining test.

Abstract: There is described a method and apparatus for the determination of hematocrit levels in which both the conductivity of whole blood and the conductivity of blood plasma are determined together. While a conductivity cell (18) is being used for the determination of the conductivity of whole blood, the conductivity of plasma is calculated in a computer (30) with the aid of ion selective electrodes (14, 16) from the sodium or potassium concentrations.

Abstract: Apparatus for infusion and removal of samples of blood and other body fluids comprising a blood connection which is connected via a first line to a sample taking means, a pump connected to the first line, a container connected to the first line via a second line and containing an aqueous fluid, a first shut-off means connected into the second line and a control means for activating the first shut-off means and the pump, the control means switching the shut-off means and the blood pump alternately into fluid supply mode and blood removal mode.

Abstract: Measuring device for determination of the activity or of the concentration of ions in solutions, which has an electrode block having several electrodes and with a flow channel, the flow channel being in connection at its one end with a sample vessel and is connected at its other end to a line, in which a pump is interposed, with calibrating solution containers.Between the pump and the outlet of the electrode block branches off a discharge line, in which a further pump is interposed. Preferably, both pumps are combined into a peristaltic pump, the lines being laid in the segments of the pump.According to a second embodiment, the electrode block is again in connection with the calibrating solution containers. The delivery of the sample is performed however on the same side through a septum. Advantageously, the other side of the electrode block opens out into a pressure equalization vessel, into which a withdrawal line opens in which in turn the above mentioned peristaltic pump is interposed.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing water from blood, advantageously by the single-needle method, in which by means of an air-operated bellows pump blood is sucked into an expandable pump chamber and thereafter water is forced into a hemofilter and collected in an ultrafiltrate measuring chamber to which a collecting bag is connected. The inlet and the outlet of the ultrafiltrate measuring chamber to which a collecting bag is connected. The inlet and the outlet of the ultrafiltrate measuring chamber can be opened and closed by clamps controlled in opposite phase and the amount of ultrafiltrate collected in the ultrafiltrate measuring chamber can be controlled and determined. The ultrafiltrate measuring chamber is divided by a hose-like wall into two chamber portions, one chamber portion receiving filtrate and the other chamber portion being adapted in a preferred embodiment to receive infusion solution. Thus, the infusion solution can be proportioned and supplied to the patient in volume equivalent manner.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the ultrafiltration rate in machines for the extracorporeal purification of blood in which the difference obtained in the blood circuit by an electromagnetic flow meter is used for controlling the ultrafiltration rate.The ultrafiltration rate is controlled by controlling the transmembrane pressure across the membrane separating the blood chamber from the dialysis fluid chamber in a dialyzer. In one embodiment, the pressure in the blood circuit is varied to change the transmembrane pressure. In a second embodiment, the pressure in the dialysis solution circuit is varied.

Abstract: Hemodiafiltration apparatus (10) comprising a closed dialysis solution cycle which has a balancing system (28), wherein into the closed cycle a first sterile filter (44) is connected from which a connecting line (74, 90, 94) leads to the venous drip chamber (114) of the blood path (102). Connected into said connecting line downstream of the first sterile filter (44) is a substituate pump (76) which is followed downstream by a second sterile filter (78).

Abstract: Hemodialysis device (10) with a control apparatus (74) and a line (52) which is connected to a valve arrangement (50) downstream of the suction pump (20) and to a dialyzing liquid source (16). The dialyzing liquid source (16) has a volume measuring apparatus (54, 58) with which the ultrafiltrate generated by the suction pump (20) can be determined in the recirculation circuit. The ultrafiltration rate thereby established serves to control the suction pump (20) with the aid of the control apparatus (74), in some cases the transmembrane pressure being determined with the aid of the pressure gauges (62, 66) and from which the current ultrafiltration coefficient can be measured. Furthermore, the hemodialysis device (10) has a safe possibility of feeding disinfectant concentrate into the recirculation circuit downstream of the dialyzer (12).

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for the drawing off of untreated and treated dialyzing liquid and/or blood from a dialysis device (1) has a dialyzer, from which a first line (22) goes off upstream and a second line (24) goes off downstream, which join into a third line (54). The third line (54) is connected to an analysis device (57). In each of the first and second lines is provided a pump (26, 28) and a shut-off element (56, 56'), between which an overflow (38, 40) per line is arranged. This on the one hand ensures that the liquid in the lines (22, 24) are kept constantly in motion, which prevents the formation of line blockages in the case of liquids tending to coagulate, and on the other hand considerably reduces the displacement time of the liquid to be investigated to the analysis device (57).

Abstract: Pump arrangement (10) for medical purposes, in particular blood or infusion pump, comprising a pump housing (12) having two pump chambers (16, 18), of which the work chamber (16) is subjected to the liquid to be pumped while the drive chamber (18) is connected via a connecting conduit to a pneumatic pump (14) of restricted pumping volume.This connecting conduit (50) comprises a valve (56) which is opened at the respective changeover point (top and bottom dead-center) of the pump (14) to set the entire pump arrangement (16) to atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis apparatus comprises a single lumen catheter through which in an intermittently operated circuit dialysis liquid is pumped from the peritoneal cavity of a patient and is then moved along in contact with a dialysis membrane, at which not only mass exchange but furthermore the withdrawal of ultrafiltrate is able to take place. On this membrane of the dialyzer a secondary dialysis takes place so that on the other side of the membrane dialysis liquid with an osmotically acting substance is moved in single-pass mode. Preferably the peritoneal dialysis circuit is made up of two dialyzers so placed that the one outlet of the first one is joined with a conventional dialysis apparatus and the outlet of the second dialyzer is joined with the catheter in the patient.

Abstract: The present invention is with respect to a dialysis pumping system, and more specially to a single needle dialysis apparatus with a dialyser having blood and dialysate circuits and which has blood inlets and outlets that are joined by intake and outlet lines with at least one blood connection. The intake line has a driving pump and a blood pump powered by driving fluid from said driving pump and pump valves placed upstream and downstream from the said blood pump. Furthermore the outlet line has a further shut off valve. The blood pump unit has a generally stiff housing with a pipe-like liner in it walling off the space in the housing into a first chamber for blood and a second driving fluid chamber that is joined up with the driving pump, that may be a bellows pump and is joined up with the housing by an air circuit with sensors or valve driving parts for controlling motion of air into and out of the housing.

Abstract: A blood accumulator for use in single needle dialysis systems is provided with elastic walls so that expansion of the accumulator in an outward direction may take place and in the filled condition, the walls are stretched. After the blood input pump is stopped and a valve opened, blood makes its way at a controlled rate out of the accumulator past the dialysis diaphragm back to the patient's body.

Abstract: A dialysis apparatus having a unit for the production of the dialysis solution and a dialyzer includes a first detector mounted upstream of the dialyzer and a second detector mounted downstream of the dialyzer by means of which the composition of the dialysis solution can be regulated. The measuring data of detectors are compared and eventually used to control the composition of the dialysis solution; the invention is particularly useful in high exchange capacity dialyzers, since the composition of the dialysis solution can be adjusted directly and at any time to maintain desired conditions in the dialyzed patient.

Abstract: Apparatus for analyzing the energies of charged particles having an analyzer, a detector and an electrode system. The analyzer generates an electric or magnetic field through which the particles pass, there being an outlet aperture through which the charged particles exit as a beam. The detector is arranged in the path of the beam leaving the analyzer field through the outlet aperture, and the electrode system is arranged between the analyzer and the detector and serves to adjust the cross-section of the particle beam.

Abstract: Device for introducing a specimen into and withdrawing the same from the interior of a chamber sealed from the surrounding environment. The device includes a test bar slidably and sealingly projecting through an opening in the chamber. The test bar has a first length portion which includes a specimen-supporting arrangement and which has a part that is in a sealing relationship with the opening in a first end position of the test bar in which the specimen-supporting arrangement is situated inside the chamber. The test bar further has a second length portion which has a part that is in a sealing relationship with the opening in a second end position of the test bar in which the specimen-supporting arrangement is situated externally of the chamber. A releasable coupling device detachably connects the two length portions of the test bar to one another.