Abstract: An improved transmission-type, scanning charged-particle beam microscope including a television camera tube and a television display tube for generating and displaying a diffraction image of a specimen to be examined. The improvement of the invention comprises the provision of a transparent fluorescent screen disposed in the ray cone of the beam behind the specimen along the beam path in the microscope, light-optical means adapted for imaging the fluorescent screen on a target of the television camera tube, and detector means for integrally detecting radiation emanating from the fluorescent screen.