Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to fuel additives and methods for reducing a NOx produced by combusting a liquid fuel, the method comprising combining the liquid fuel and an additive, forming an enriched combustible fuel composition, wherein the additive comprises at least one compound according to Formula I, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of HO, EtO, PrO, BuO, i-PrO, and t-BuO; R2 is selected from the group consisting of (C?O)R3, C1-18 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl alcohol, C2-18 monounsaturated alkyl, and C1-18 polyunsaturated alkyl; and R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-18 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl alcohol, C2-18 monounsaturated alkyl, and C1-18 polyunsaturated alkyl, wherein each stereoisomer is selected from the group consisting of E, Z, R, and S, and wherein combusting the enriched combustible fuel would produce an exhaust gas comprising from about 2% to about 98% of the NOx produced by combusting the liquid fuel alone.

Abstract: Biodegradable starch-based extruded products and methods of manufacturing those products are provided. In particular, extruded starch products processed by compression, stretching or compression and stretching provide excellent flexibility, pliability, dimensional stability, resiliency, abrasion resistance and other properties making them attractive for use as packaging materials.