Abstract: A device for mixing and metering of at least two gases, comprising two bodies that can be displaced relative to each other, wherein margins of the bodies are in contact with one another and between these margins at least two rectangular openings for one gas each can be formed, wherein a displacement of the bodies relative to each other automatically causes an increase of one opening and a decrease of the other opening, wherein the resulting total cross-section of the openings remains constantly the same here. Moreover, the device comprises a control element which is arranged adjacent to the two bodies and in contact therewith, wherein the control element can be translationally displaced in a continuous manner between a closed position and an open position in order to close or to open the openings.

Abstract: A device for mixing and metering of at least two gases, comprising two bodies that can be displaced relative to each other, wherein margins of the bodies are in contact with one another and between these margins at least two rectangular openings for one gas each can be formed, wherein a displacement of the bodies relative to each other automatically causes an increase of one opening and a decrease of the other opening, wherein the resulting total cross-section of the openings remains constantly the same here. Moreover, the device comprises a control element which is arranged adjacent to the two bodies and in contact therewith, wherein the control element can be translationally displaced in a continuous manner between a closed position and an open position in order to close or to open the openings.

Abstract: An air-compressing internal combustion engine with oblique injection into an antechamber having a sphere-like combustion space and conduit of arranged offset relative to one another. A spheroid impact head with a cup shaped recess on the underside thereof facing the conduit is provided in the lower half of the combustion space. A glow plug is arranged in the downward current of the air flow downstream of the injection nozzle in the antechamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing cis-trans isomer mixtures of 2,2-dimethyl-3(.beta.,.beta.-dichlorovinyl)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid esters, having a high cis/trans isomer ratio, wherein a 4,4-dimethyl-5-halogen-6-alkoxytetrahydro-pyrone or a 3,3-dimethyl-4-halogen-5-oxo-pentanic acid ester is reacted with dichlorophosphonic acid esters in the presence of alkali alcoholates or alkali hydrides or lithium alkyls.Also disclosed are novel starting tetrahydropyrone compounds usable in the above process, and a process for preparation of the novel compounds which includes reacting .beta.,.beta.-dimethyl-.gamma.,.delta.-dihalogen-.delta.-valerolactones with alkali alcoholates at reaction temperatures between -10.degree. and +50.degree. C.

Abstract: There are disclosed and claimed substituted cyclic lactones and process for preparation thereof. In particular, there are disclosed substituted cyclic lactones having alkyl substituents on the ring, especially such lactones having substituents on the ring of which two on the same carbon atom.Additionally, the invention herein disclosed and claimed relates to a process for the preparation of lactones by heating a six-membered hydroxy substituted lactone in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Resorcinols of the structure of p-orsellinic acid ester are obtained from pyrones of the formula ##STR1## by the action of no more than catalytic amounts of bases.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY--(Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: 3-alkyl-6-methyl-.beta.-resorcylic acid esters of the Formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent identical or different alkyl groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, are prepared by the reaction of .alpha.-pyrones of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above meaning, with a base.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: An air-compressing internal combustion engine which includes a cylinder block, a plurality of cylinders in the cylinder block, a piston reciprocably mounted in the respective cylinders, and a cylinder head disposed on the cylinder block. A precombustion chamber is arranged in the cylinder head and associated with the respective cylinders and a number of approximately radially extending burner holes are provided around a periphery of an end of the precombustion chamber. A depression is arranged in the head of each of the pistons and stellate depressions emanate from the depression in the cylinder head. Each of the stellate depressions ascend continuously in a radially outward direction and a further substantially axially extending burner hole is provided at the end of the precombustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula ##STR2## to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3- or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta., .beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula ##STR2## to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta..beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrofu rans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3-or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof uran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula ##STR2## to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3- or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof uran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for preparing an orthoacetic acid alkyl ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a saturated, branched or un-branched, alkyl moiety of 1 to 8 carbon atoms by:(a) contacting acetonitrile with an anhydrous alkanol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and dry hydrogen chloride in the presence of an organic solvent to prepare the corresponding imidoester hydrochloride;(b) thereafter contacting said imidoester hydrochloride in the acid-free state with an alkanol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and(c) removing by-product ammonium chloride from the resultant reaction mixture and distilling the reaction mixture to recover orthoacetic acid alkyl ester, the improvement residing in(d) employing as the organic solvent an inert solvent having a dielectric constant measured at 25.degree. C. of 2.6 or less; and(e) contacting said imidoester hydrochloride in step (b) with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alcoholate before contacting the same with said alkanol.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogen-vinyl)-4,5-dihydro furans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3- or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof uran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogen-vinyl)-4,5-dihydro furans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.