Abstract: In an embodiment a reflector optical system includes a reflector body having a rotational symmetry about a longitudinal axis and including a first reflector optic portion having a substantially concave shape and a second reflector optic portion extending along the longitudinal axis, the first reflector optic portion facing the second reflector optic portion, wherein the first reflector optic portion includes a plurality of first reflective surfaces and the second reflector optic portion includes a plurality of second reflective surfaces in spaced light-receiving relation to the plurality of first reflective surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining isobutene from an isobutene containing C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) in a plant comprising an etherification unit (3), a first distillation unit (5), an ether cleavage unit (10) and a second distillation unit (12), the process comprising: (a) contacting the C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) with a primary alcohol (2) and reacting the mixture with the primary alcohol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form the corresponding alkyl tert-butyl ether in the etherification unit (3); (b) distilling the reaction mixture (4) from the etherification unit (3) in the first distillation unit (5), a C4-hydrocarbon raffinate being withdrawn as the overhead product (6), and the alkyl tert-butyl ether being withdrawn as the bottom product (7); (c) vaporizing the bottom product from the first distillation unit (5) in an evaporator (8) obtaining a vapor stream (9); (d) reacting the vapor stream (9) of step (c) in the presence of an acidic catalyst obtaining isobutene and the primary

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining isobutene from an isobutene containing C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) in a plant comprising an etherification unit (3), a first distillation unit (5), an ether cleavage unit (8) and a second distillation unit (10), the process comprising: (a) contacting the C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) with a primary alcohol (2) and reacting the mixture with the primary alcohol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form the corresponding alkyl tert-butyl ether as an intermediate product and diisobutene as a by-product in the etherification unit (3); (b) distilling the reaction mixture (4) from the etherification unit (3) in the first distillation unit (5), a C4-hydrocarbon raffinate being withdrawn as the overhead product (6), the alkyl tert-butyl ether and diisobutene being withdrawn as the liquid or vaporous bottom product (7), and vaporizing the bottom product (7) if it is withdrawn as a liquid; (c) reacting the vaporous bottom product (7) in the presence of an acidic catalyst

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for starting up a plant for removing isobutene from an isobutene-containing C4-hydrocarbon mixture, the plant comprising an etherification unit containing moist acidic ion exchange resin, a first distillation unit, an ether cleavage unit, and a second distillation unit. The invention further relates to a process for shutting down the plant from a stationary operation mode.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a thermal management system for a battery-powered electric vehicle, which system comprises a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, which has at least a first partial circuit having a cooling device, at least a second partial circuit having a heating device, at least a third partial circuit supplying a battery and at least a fourth partial circuit supplying components of the power electronics and passing through a heat exchanger, and the thermal management system further comprises a controller, wherein the primary circuit has at least one indirect evaporator and at least one indirect condenser, a number of pumps are arranged in the system for driving a fluid flow in the partial circuits, and a maximum number of five control valves is controlled in the system for controlling the fluid flow.

Abstract: An automotive solid-state headlamp includes a lamp body extending in a longitudinal direction, the lamp body having a rear base portion and a front portion and including a support member and a light-transmissive housing, a plurality of solid-state light sources arranged on the support member at the rear base portion of the lamp body, a drive circuitry electrically coupled to the light sources and arranged at the rear base portion of the lamp body and configured to operate the plurality of light sources when energized and reflector optics arranged at the front portion, wherein the solid-state light sources are configured to emit light towards the reflector optics, the reflector optics including a first reflector optic portion and a second reflector optic portion and wherein each of a plurality of first reflective surfaces disposed on the first reflector optic portion extend in an annular region around the longitudinal direction from the plurality of solid-state light sources towards the first reflector optic p

Abstract: The invention relates to a contact tip (1) for arc welding with at least one channel (2) passing through the contact tip (1) for receiving a welding wire (3), the channel (2) having a non-round stellate, multi-lobular cross-section with convexly rounded sides.

Abstract: An electrified vehicle and cooling system for an electrified vehicle include fuel cells and at least one first and one second coolant circuit, wherein the first coolant circuit is configured for cooling the fuel cells and the second coolant circuit is configured for cooling electronic components for controlling the fuel cells and for cooling electronic components of an electric drive system, wherein the second coolant circuit has a first partial coolant circuit and a second partial coolant circuit, wherein the first partial coolant circuit is arranged in the region of the electronic components for controlling the fuel cells and the second partial coolant circuit is arranged in the region of the electronic components of the electric drive system.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a cooling system fluidly coupled to the fuel cell and having a heat exchanger, a coolant pump, and a coolant reservoir fluidly coupled to the heat exchanger and the coolant pump, a supply system configured to supply a gas containing oxygen to the fuel cell, and a valve positioned in a connecting line between the cooling system and the supply system, the valve operable to limit a pressure difference between pressure of the gas supplied to the fuel cell and pressure within the cooling system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a valve. In one example, a system may include a cooling arrangement including the valve, wherein the valve is configured to variably adjust coolant flow rates in response to one or more of a coolant temperature and a charge air pressure. The valve includes a transmission pin which may be acted upon via an expansion element and/or a pressure actuator.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing system for printing with a set of toners including a white toner. A plurality of printing modules are configured to print respective toner patterns, each including a toner image printed onto a receiver medium being transported on a transparent transport web and a corresponding registration mark positioned outside a border of the receiver medium. A first registration mark sensing system is positioned to detect the registration marks printed with a first subset of the toners that doesn't include the white toner. A second registration mark sensing system is positioned to detect the registration marks printed with a second subset of the toners that includes the white toner. The registration mark sensing systems each include a reflector plate positioned behind the transport web. The reflector plate for the first registration mark sensing system is white, and the reflector plate for the second registration mark sensing system is black.

Abstract: In an embodiment an automotive solid-state headlamp includes a lamp body extending in a longitudinal direction, the lamp body having a rear base portion and a front portion and including a support member disposed in a light-transmissive housing, a plurality of solid-state light sources arranged on the support member at the rear base portion of the lamp body, and a drive circuitry electrically coupled to the light sources and arranged at the rear base portion of the lamp body and configured to operate the plurality of light sources when energized, wherein the plurality of light sources, when energized, are configured to cause the solid-state lamp to emit, through the light-transmissive housing (a) a luminous flux of at least 1500 lumens +/?10% when energized with a 13.2 Volt test voltage, or of at least 1750 lumens +/?10% when energized with a 28 Volt test voltage, or (b) a luminous flux of at least 1350 lumens +/?10% when energized with a 13.

Abstract: An antenna device, a transportation vehicle, and a textile article having an antenna device. The antenna device includes conductive filaments woven into a carrier fabric, wherein the conductive filaments form an antenna structure and are a contacting structure at a first end.

Abstract: A method for controlling a power converter, which in particular has partial power converters connected in parallel, is provided. The method includes determining a nominal voltage for the power converter; and dividing an output voltage for the power converter into a number of, in particular equal, voltage ranges. The voltage ranges are limited by a discrete upper voltage limit and a discrete lower voltage limit and the voltage ranges can be adjusted by switching the power converter, in particular the partial power converters. The method includes allocating the nominal voltage a voltage range with a discrete upper and lower voltage limits; allocating a first switch setting to the lower voltage limit; allocating a second switch setting to the upper voltage limit; and switching between the first switch setting and the second switch setting so that the power converter generates an actual voltage corresponding to the nominal voltage.

Abstract: In an embodiment a reflector optical system includes a reflector body having a rotational symmetry about a longitudinal axis and including a first reflector optic portion having a substantially concave shape and a second reflector optic portion extending along the longitudinal axis, the first reflector optic portion facing the second reflector optic portion, wherein the first reflector optic portion includes a plurality of first reflective surfaces and the second reflector optic portion includes a plurality of second reflective surfaces in spaced light-receiving relation to the plurality of first reflective surfaces.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing system for printing with a set of toners including a white toner. A plurality of printing modules are configured to print respective toner patterns, each including a toner image printed onto a receiver medium being transported on a transparent transport web and a corresponding registration mark positioned outside a border of the receiver medium. A first registration mark sensing system is positioned to detect the registration marks printed with a first subset of the toners that doesn't include the white toner. A second registration mark sensing system is positioned to detect the registration marks printed with a second subset of the toners that includes the white toner. The registration mark sensing systems each include a reflector plate positioned behind the transport web. The reflector plate for the first registration mark sensing system is white, and the reflector plate for the second registration mark sensing system is black.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a cooling system for a vehicle having a fuel cell system. The cooling system comprises a first cooling circuit configured to cool a first set of vehicle components and a second cooling circuit configured to cool a second set of vehicle components. The fuel cell system is distributed between the first set of vehicle components and the second set of vehicle components.

Abstract: A filling level indicator for determining a filling level in a tank, having a resistor network, a contact element, and a magnetic element. The contact element is spaced apart from the resistor network and the magnetic element is movable relative to the resistor network and the contact element. The contact element has a contact region deflectable by the magnetic element. An electrically conductive connection between the contact region and the resistor network is produced by deflection of the contact region. The contact region is formed by a planar tape-shaped element and the contact region has contact portions that are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. The contact portions are separated from one another by separation regions.

Abstract: In an example, a semiconductor device includes an insulated gate transistor cell, a first region (e.g., a drain region and/or a drift region), a cathode region, a second region (e.g., an anode region and/or a separation region), and a source electrode. The insulated gate transistor cell includes a source region and a gate electrode. The source region and the cathode region are in a silicon carbide body. The gate electrode and the cathode region are electrically connected. The cathode region, the source region, and the first region have a first conductivity type. The second region has a second conductivity type and is between the cathode region and the first region. The source electrode and the source region are electrically connected. The source electrode and the second region are in contact with each other. A rectifying junction is electrically coupled between the source electrode and the cathode region.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a valve for controlling the flow of a fluid medium in a coolant circuit of an internal combustion engine. The valve is configured to react to the temperature of the coolant via an expansion element and to the charge pressure in the intake tract via a pressure-sensitive actuator.