Abstract: An electronic device includes: one or more processors; a memory storing instructions configured to cause the one or more processors to: install instrumentation points in respective tasks of an application, the instrumentation points including a source instrumentation point installed in a source task and a target instrumentation point installed in a target task, wherein the source task and the target task are configured to execute in parallel on the one or more processors, and wherein each task includes a respective sequence of instructions executable by the one or more processors, and determine a measure of a causal relationship between the source instrumentation point and the target instrumentation point based on observation of a delay in the target instrumentation point induced by a delay amount generated by the source instrumentation point.