Abstract: In a method and apparatus of an amperometric probe for characterization of the electrostatic state in gases containing ions, by means of the electrical space potential and/or the density of positive and negative ions, in particular in gases flowing around a sensor (1) with an applied electrical potential (5, 6), and emitting ions to the sensor; an electrical circuit (2) is provided for detecting the measured sensor curents; a current comparison unit (3) follows the current detection and monitors that the sensor currents are within the permissible value range in terms of their mathematical sign and their magnitude, applies a first sensor potential and detects the associated sensor current, as well as subsequently applies a second sensor potential and carries out an adaptation process in such a way that the detected second sensor current has the same mathematical sign as the first sensor current; the space potential and the density of the ions of one polarity are determined in a calculation unit (4); and, with

Abstract: An apparatus for generating ozone with at least one ceramic tube forming a dielectric, a discharge electrode associated with the ceramic tube and connected to a high voltage supply and a counter-electrode is proposed, in which the at least one ceramic tube is cooled by a coolant and an oxygen-containing gas is passed into the vicinity of the discharge tube. The at least one ceramic tube (1) is inserted in a ceramic moulding (2) by means of oxidic glass or ceramic solders and an encasing tube (6) embraces the at least one ceramic tube (1) and is sealed against the ceramic mouldings (2).

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring ions in a gas which has a sensor around which the gas flows, the ions giving off their charge and giving rise to a current. The sensor is constructed as an electrode with a flow-favorable shape, such as a sphere. A fixed voltage is impressed on the electrode and the current produced at the electrode is measured, evaluated in a circuit and constitutes a measure for the ion count.

Abstract: A device for generating ions in gas streams is proposed, which has an electrode arrangement exposed to the gas streams and a pulsed high voltage supply, which supplies an alternating sequence of negative and positive pulses with step edges. The electrode arrangement comprises at least one point discharge electrode and at least one counterelectrode associated with one another in fixed, clearly defined manner. The time behaviour of the high voltage signal is fixed in such a way that the duration of the particular pulse corresponds to the transit time of the ions between the electrodes and the spacing of the pulses is adapted to the speed of the gas streams.

Abstract: An exchangeable filter element is disclosed. The filter element is especially adapted for nuclear installations for the purification of gas streams which contain toxic or radioactive matter. A method is also disclosed for the exchange and disposal of contaminated filter elements, which filter elements are reducible in volume for packing into waste containers.