Abstract: A hydraulically driven forging machine with four radially arranged working cylinders has piston pumps disposed as individual pumps about the forging machine with all pump-end pipe connections located on the horizontal center plane of the forging machine, so that all pipe conduits leading to the working cylinders are equal in length and as short as possible in order to equalize and minimize stroke volume losses in the four working cylinders which result from the compressibility of the fluid pressure medium.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for enlarging metal rings using a hydraulic press having a piston and anvil including a pair of generally parallel arms adapted to fit between the piston and anvil and be acted on intermediate their ends. The arms are maintained in a parallel relationship by a linkage arrangement. A pair of opposed work surfaces at one end of said parallel arms outside the press are adapted to receive a ring to be enlarged. A compensating hydraulic cylinder between the other ends of said parallel arms act between said ends to maintain said arms in parallel relationship with minimum pressure on said parallel linkage.

Abstract: A forging press is provided having two U-shaped vertical frame components on opposite sides of the forging axis and at an angle thereto connected to a top and a bottom transom by at least four tie rods extending from the top to the bottom transom and within the U-shaped vertical members so as to be shielded from radiant heat of the work. Strain gauges are provided on the tie rods to measure and control tension.