Abstract: A method of determining a peak intensity in an optical spectrum is described. The method includes producing a two-dimensional array of spectrum values by imaging the optical spectrum onto a detector array. An offset using an actual location and an expected location of a peak of an interpolated subarray is used to adjust an expected location of another peak that is within another two-dimensional subarray. Interpolated spectrum values are then used to produce a peak intensity value of the second peak.

Abstract: An elemental mass spectrometer uses a mass filter to select ions from ions received from an ion source and transmit the selected ions. A reaction or collision cell receives the transmitted ions and reacts or collides these with a gas to provide product ions thereby. A mass analyzer receives the product ions, analyzes them and provides at least one output based on detection of the analyzed ions. The elemental mass spectrometer is operated to provide a first output from the mass analyzer measuring ions within a first analysis range of mass-to-charge to provide a second output from the mass analyzer measuring ions within a second analysis range of mass-to-charge ratios and to correct the first output for interference on the basis of the second output.

Abstract: A flexible, foldable light-weight gas chromatography transfer line suitable for connecting a gas chromatograph (GC) to a spectrometer, such as a mass spectrometer or optical spectrometer, in particular to the ion source of the spectrometer, such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion source. The transfer line has a heating arrangement that allows maintaining an even temperature profile, which improves quality of spectra. The transfer line has low thermal mass and the heating can be controlled with the control unit of the GC.

Abstract: A flexible, foldable light-weight gas chromatography transfer line suitable for connecting a gas chromatograph (GC) to a spectrometer, such as a mass spectrometer or optical spectrometer, in particular to the ion source of the spectrometer, such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion source. The transfer line has a heating arrangement that allows maintaining an even temperature profile, which improves quality of spectra. The transfer line has low thermal mass and the heating can be controlled with the control unit of the GC.

Abstract: An elemental mass spectrometer uses a mass filter to select ions from ions received from an ion source and transmit the selected ions. A reaction or collision cell receives the transmitted ions and reacts or collides these with a gas to provide product ions thereby. A mass analyzer receives the product ions, analyzes them and provides at least one output based on detection of the analyzed ions. The elemental mass spectrometer is operated to provide a first output from the mass analyzer measuring ions within a first analysis range of mass-to-charge to provide a second output from the mass analyzer measuring ions within a second analysis range of mass-to-charge ratios and to correct the first output for interference on the basis of the second output.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a magnet of a magnetic sector mass spectrometer comprises a magnetic field sensor for sensing the magnetic field of the magnet and generating an output representative thereof; a set point generator configured to generate an output representative of, or related to, a desired magnetic field of the magnet; and a digital controller configured to receive a variable digital input signal from the output of the magnetic field sensor and a set point digital input signal from the output of the set point generator, and to generate a digital output from which is derived a control signal for controlling a current to the magnet so as to control the magnetic field thereof. The control system is arranged to apply to the digital controller a selected one of a plurality of different controller settings, in accordance with the desired magnetic field of the magnet.

Abstract: An elemental mass spectrometer uses a mass filter to select ions from ions received from an ion source and transmit the selected ions. A reaction or collision cell receives the transmitted ions and reacts or collides these with a gas to provide product ions thereby. A mass analyzer receives the product ions, analyzes them and provides at least one output based on detection of the analyzed ions. The elemental mass spectrometer is operated to provide a first output from the mass analyzer measuring ions within a first analysis range of mass-to-charge ratios including a desired mass-to-charge ratio, M, to provide a second output from the mass analyzer measuring ions within a second analysis range of mass-to-charge ratios including a mass-to-charge ratio at least 0.95 atomic mass units lower than the desired mass-to-charge ratio, (M?i), i?0.95 and to correct the first output on the basis of the second output.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a mass spectrometer is disclosed. The mass spectrometer includes a first quadrupole, a second mass analyzer and a detection means. The method includes calibrating the second mass analyzer at a first time, calibrating the first quadrupole at a second time later than the first including a) determining for each of several selected masses a corresponding value of the amplitude of the RF voltage and DC voltage applied to the electrodes of the first quadrupole, b) fitting a function of the selected mass to the values of the amplitude of the RF voltage and DC voltage corresponding to the several selected masses, c) detecting the selected mass in a filter window width over a mass range, d) evaluating a shift of the peak position and/or a deviation of the filter window width, and e) repeating the calibration steps under certain conditions.

Abstract: A flexible, foldable light-weight gas chromatography transfer line suitable for connecting a gas chromatograph (GC) to a spectrometer, such as a mass spectrometer or optical spectrometer, in particular to the ion source of the spectrometer, such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion source. The transfer line has a heating arrangement that allows maintaining an even temperature profile, which improves quality of spectra. The transfer line has low thermal mass and the heating can be controlled with the control unit of the GC.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas inlet system for providing gas into an analytical apparatus, comprising at least a first and a second flow restriction that are arranged on a gas inlet line, a gas flow control line connected to the gas inlet line, a gas flow controller on the gas control line, and valves for controlling gas flow in the gas inlet line and the gas control line. Also provided is a method of controlling gas flow into an analytical apparatus.

Abstract: A gas inlet system for an isotope ratio spectrometer and a method for coupling analyte gas to an isotope ratio spectrometer are disclosed. A variable volume reservoir is located between a supply of analyte gas and a spectrometer. The reservoir's internal volume is controllably adjusted at a pre-determined rate to generate a defined flow of analyte gas or mixture to or from the reservoir. Analyte gas and carrier gas are taken up by the reservoir on increasing the reservoir's internal volume and then expelled from the reservoir to the spectrometer on decreasing the reservoir's internal volume. An open split can be used together with the reservoir to facilitate splitting away and hence dilution of analyte within the reservoir. A method for cleaning the gas inlet system is provided, which involves flushing the system with carrier gas.

Abstract: A gas inlet system for introducing gas into an isotope ratio analyzer, the gas inlet system including a reference system comprising: a first supply of a reference gas having a first known isotope ratio; a supply of a carrier gas, wherein the supplies of reference gas and carrier gas are each connected by respective reference and carrier gas lines to a first mixing junction where the reference gas and carrier gas combine; a mixing zone connected downstream of the first mixing junction wherein the combined reference gas and carrier gas mix together; an exit line for transporting the mixed gas from the mixing zone to the isotope ratio analyzer; and an opening on the exit line, wherein the opening is downstream of the mixing zone. Also provided is a method of determining an isotope ratio.

Abstract: A flexible, foldable light-weight gas chromatography transfer line suitable for connecting a gas chromatograph (GC) to a spectrometer, such as a mass spectrometer or optical spectrometer, in particular to the ion source of the spectrometer, such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion source. The transfer line has a heating arrangement that allows maintaining an even temperature profile, which improves quality of spectra. The transfer line has low thermal mass and the heating can be controlled with the control unit of the GC.

Abstract: A gas transport system includes at least one chemical reactor having at least one inlet and at least one gas outlet and at least one sample introduction unit for delivering the sample into the chemical reactor. The gas transport system at least one carrier gas line fluidly coupled to the chemical reactor inlet for introducing into the chemical reactor carrier gas from a carrier gas source, at least one gas outlet line from the chemical reactor gas outlet, and at least one gas recycling line connected to the gas outlet and/or the gas outlet line by a first gas line junction that is arranged between the chemical reactor and a downstream detection unit on the gas outlet line. The gas transport system is adapted to allow recycling of at least a portion of gas emerging from the chemical reactor outlet back to the chemical reactor via the gas recycling line.

Abstract: A gas inlet system for introducing gas into an isotope ratio analyzer, the gas inlet system including a reference system comprising: a first supply of a reference gas having a first known isotope ratio; a supply of a carrier gas, wherein the supplies of reference gas and carrier gas are each connected by respective reference and carrier gas lines to a first mixing junction where the reference gas and carrier gas combine; a mixing zone connected downstream of the first mixing junction wherein the combined reference gas and carrier gas mix together; an exit line for transporting the mixed gas from the mixing zone to the isotope ratio analyzer; and an opening on the exit line, wherein the opening is downstream of the mixing zone. Also provided is a method of determining an isotope ratio.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a magnet of a magnetic sector mass spectrometer comprises a magnetic field sensor for sensing the magnetic field of the magnet and generating an output representative thereof; a set point generator configured to generate an output representative of, or related to, a desired magnetic field of the magnet; and a digital controller configured to receive a variable digital input signal from the output of the magnetic field sensor and a set point digital input signal from the output of the set point generator, and to generate a digital output from which is derived a control signal for controlling a current to the magnet so as to control the magnetic field thereof. The control system is arranged to apply to the digital controller a selected one of a plurality of different controller settings, in accordance with the desired magnetic field of the magnet.

Abstract: A gas inlet system for an isotope ratio spectrometer and a method for coupling analyte gas to an isotope ratio spectrometer are disclosed. A variable volume reservoir is located between a supply of analyte gas and a spectrometer. The reservoir's internal volume is controllably adjusted at a pre-determined rate to generate a defined flow of analyte gas or mixture to or from the reservoir. Analyte gas and carrier gas are taken up by the reservoir on increasing the reservoir's internal volume and then expelled from the reservoir to the spectrometer on decreasing the reservoir's internal volume. An open split can be used together with the reservoir to facilitate splitting away and hence dilution of analyte within the reservoir. A method for cleaning the gas inlet system is provided, which involves flushing the system with carrier gas.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a magnet of a magnetic sector mass spectrometer comprises a magnetic field sensor for sensing the magnetic field of the magnet and generating an output representative thereof; a set point generator configured to generate an output representative of, or related to, a desired magnetic field of the magnet; and a digital controller configured to receive a variable digital input signal from the output of the magnetic field sensor and a set point digital input signal from the output of the set point generator, and to generate a digital output from which is derived a control signal for controlling a current to the magnet so as to control the magnetic field thereof. The control system is arranged to apply to the digital controller a selected one of a plurality of different controller settings, in accordance with the desired magnetic field of the magnet.

Abstract: A gas inlet system 20 for an isotope ratio spectrometer 1 and a method for coupling analyte gas to an isotope ratio spectrometer 1 are disclosed. A variable volume reservoir 5 is located between a supply of analyte gas 9,11 and a spectrometer 1. The reservoir's internal volume is controllably adjusted at a pre-determined rate to generate a defined flow of analyte gas or mixture to or from the reservoir 5. Analyte gas and carrier gas are taken up by the reservoir 5 on increasing the reservoir's internal volume and then expelled from the reservoir to the spectrometer 1 on decreasing the reservoir's internal volume. An open split 3,8 can be used together with the reservoir 5 to facilitate splitting away and hence dilution of analyte within the reservoir 5. A method for cleaning the gas inlet system 20 is provided, which involves flushing the system with carrier gas.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a magnet of a magnetic sector mass spectrometer comprises a magnetic field sensor for sensing the magnetic field of the magnet and generating an output representative thereof; a set point generator configured to generate an output representative of, or related to, a desired magnetic field of the magnet; and a digital controller configured to receive a variable digital input signal from the output of the magnetic field sensor and a set point digital input signal from the output of the set point generator, and to generate a digital output from which is derived a control signal for controlling a current to the magnet so as to control the magnetic field thereof. The control system is arranged to apply to the digital controller a selected one of a plurality of different controller settings, in accordance with the desired magnetic field of the magnet.