Abstract: Wholly aromatic thermotropic polyesters are based on(A) 30 to 60 mol % of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,(B) 20 to 35 mol % of terephthalic acid and(C) 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) trimethylhydroquinone and(C.sub.2) resorcinolthe molar ratio of C.sub.1 :C.sub.2 being within the range from 0.4:1 to 0.7:1 and the molar ratio of B:C within the range from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic liquid-crystalline condensates which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C. and are diphase within the range from the glass transition temperature Tg to the melting point and are composed of(a) not less than 10 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 30 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) from 0 to 20 mol % of one or more of the repeat units of the formulae III, IV or V ##STR3## (d) from 0 to 20 mol % of one or more of the repeat units of the formulae VI, VII, VIII or IX ##STR4## (e) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of components (b), (c) and (d) of repeat units of the formula X ##STR5## the mole percentage of components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) adding up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and filaments, fibers, films, moldings and surface coating prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic mesomorphic polyester amides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C., composed of(a) from 3 to 30 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 3 to 30 mol % of repeat units of the formula II and/or III ##STR2## (c) from 2 to 25 mol % of one or more of the repeat units of the formula IV, V or VI, ##STR3## (d) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of components (a), (b) and (c) excluding the repeat unit of the formula III, of the repeat units of the formula VII ##STR4## which, if desired, can in part be replaced by repeat units of the formula VIII ##STR5## (e) if desired from 5 to 25 mol % of repeat units of the formula IX ##STR6## (f) repeat units of the formula X ##STR7## the molar proportions of components (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) in each case adding up to 100 mol %, and preparation thereof.

Abstract: Nonionic substances which form disk-shaped micelles in aqueous solution and are of the formula ##STR1## where R is H or ##STR2## R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sup.2 is H or CH.sub.3, x is from 3 to 12 and y is from 3 to 15, and polymers of compounds of the formula I where R is ##STR3## processes for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I and of the polymers, and the use of the compounds described as additives to detergents and cleaning agents, for other surfactant applications and as liquid crystals for optical, electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Abstract: Fully aromatic thermotropic polyesters based on(A) from 30 to 60 mol % of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,(B) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(B.sub.1) terephthalic acid,(B.sub.2) isophthalic acid and(B.sub.3) from 0.5 to 5 mol % of a dicarboxylic acid of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --CH.sub.2 -- or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, n is 0 or 1 and the two imide nitrogen atoms are meta or para to X, or their C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, aryl, chlorine or bromine derivatives which are substituted in the nucleus,the molar ratio of B.sub.1 to B.sub.2 being from 1.04:1 to 19:1, and(C) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) hydroquinone and(C.sub.2) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl,the molar ratio of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 being from 0.1:1 to 2.67:1 and the molar ratio of B to C being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline carbamyl-containing polycondensates composed of(a) aromatic hydroxycarboxylic and/or aminocarboxylic acids in which the hydroxyl and amino groups are not vicinal to the carboxyl group,(b) from 0.1 to 20 mol % of urea,(c) aromatic dihydroxy, diamino and/or hydroxy-amino compounds in which the hydroxyl and amino groups are not vicinal,(d) a molar amount equivalent to the total amount of components b and c of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid in which the carboxyl groups are not vicinal,the preparation thereof and fibers, films and moldings prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic polyesters which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 300.degree. C. and composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 3 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of (a) and (b) of repeat units of the formula III ##STR3## and (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeat units of the formula IV ##STR4## the molar proportions of components a, b, c and d adding up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and fibers, films, moldings and surface coating materials prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic thermotropic polyesters are based on(A) from 25 to 60 mol % of a mixture of(A.sub.1) 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and(A.sub.2) 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid and/or 3-aminobenzoic acid or their chlorine, bromine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy derivatives substituted in the nucleus,the molar ratio of A.sub.1 to A.sub.2 being from 5:1 to 41:1,(B) from 20 to 37.5 mol % of a mixture of(B.sub.1) terephthalic acid and(B.sub.2) isophthalic acid,the molar ratio of B.sub.1 to B.sub.2 being from 1.04:1 to 19:1, and(C) from 20 to 37.5 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) hydroquinone and(C.sub.2) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl,the molar ratio of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 being from 0.1:1 to 2.67:1 and the molar ratio of B to C being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic polyester carbamides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 300.degree. C. and are composed of(a) not less than 20 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula III ##STR3## (d) from 1 to 10 mol % of units of the formula IV ##STR4## (e) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of components (b), (c) and (d) of repeat units of the formula V ##STR5## the molar proportions of components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) adding up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and fibers, films moldings and coatings prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Fully aromatic themotropic polyesters are based on(A) from 30 to 60 mol % of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,(B) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(B.sub.1) terephthalic acid and(B.sub.2) isophthalic acid,the molar ratio of B.sub.1 to B.sub.2 being from 1.04:1 to 19:1, and(C) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) hydroquinone,(C.sub.2) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and(C.sub.3) from 0 to 5 mol % of a dihydroxy compound of the general formula I ##STR1## where R and R' are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, halogen or aryl, n is 1, 2 or 3 and m is 0 or 1,the molar ratio of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 being from 0.1:1 to 2.67:1 and the molar ratio of B to C being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic, mesomorphic polyesters which give a homogeneous liquid crystalline melt at below 320.degree. C. consist of(a) not less than 10 mol % of repeating units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 1 to 25 mol % of repeating units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) from 5 to 20 mol % of one or more of the repeating units of the formulae III to VII ##STR3## (d) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeating units of the formula VIII ##STR4## and (e) from 10 to 60 mol % of repeating units of the formula IX ##STR5## the sum of the molar amounts of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) being 100 mol % in each case and the molar ratio of the components (b)+(c)+(d) to component (e) being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Fully aromatic mesomorphic polyesters which give a liquid crystalline filament-forming melt below 300.degree. C. consist of(a) from 5 to 25 mol % of repeating units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 25 mol % of repeating units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) from 10 to 50 mol % of repeating units of the formula III ##STR3## and (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeating units of the formula IV ##STR4## the sum of the molar amounts of components (a), (b), (c) and (d) being 100 mol %, and the molar ratio of components (a) and (b) to component (c) being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Fully aromatic thermotropic polyesters are based on(A) from 30 to 60 mol % of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,(b) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(B.sub.1) terephthalic acid and(B.sub.2) isophthalic acid,the molar ratio of B.sub.1 to B.sub.2 being from 1.04:1 to 19:1, and(C) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) hydroquinone,(C.sub.2) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and(C.sub.3) from 0.5 to 5 mol % of(C.sub.31) 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and/or(C.sub.32) 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and/or(C.sub.33) and aromatic dihydroxy compound of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is --CH.sub.2 --, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --O-- or --CO--, and/or(C.sub.34) a compound of the general formula II ##STR2## where Y is NH.sub.2 or OH, the molar ratio of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 being from 0.1:1 to 2.67:1 and the molar ratio of B to C being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic polyesters which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 300.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 10 to 25 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula III ##STR3## (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeat units of the formula IV ##STR4## and (e) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of (a), (b) and (c) of repeat units of the formula V ##STR5## the molar proportions of components a, b, c, d and e adding up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and fibers, films, moldings and surface coatings prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic mesomorphic polyester imides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formulae I and/or II ##STR1## where x can be identical or different and each is --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --CH.sub.2 -- or .dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and n is 1 or 2,(b) from 0 to 30 mol % of repeat units of the formulae III and/or IV ##STR2## (c) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of components (a) and (b) of repeat units(c1) from 3 to 35 mol % of units of the formula V ##STR3## and one or more of the repeat units.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic mesomorphic polyester amide imides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formula I and/or II ##STR1## where X can be identical or different, each X being --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --CH.sub.2 -- or .dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic mesomorphic polyester amides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of components (a) and (b), and, when (e) signifies repeat units of the formula VI or VII, (e) of repeat units of the formula III ##STR3## (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeat units of the formula IV ##STR4## (e) from 2 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula V ##STR5## or of the formula VI ##STR6## the repeat units of the formula VI being replaceable in part by repeat units of the formula VII ##STR7## with the proviso that the molar proportions of components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) add up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and fibers, films, molding and surface coating materials prepared therefrom.