Abstract: Fully aromatic mesomorphic polyesters which give a liquid crystalline filament-forming melt below 300.degree. C. consist of(a) from 5 to 25 mol % of repeating units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 25 mol % of repeating units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) from 10 to 50 mol % of repeating units of the formula III ##STR3## and (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeating units of the formula IV ##STR4## the sum of the molar amounts of components (a), (b), (c) and (d) being 100 mol %, and the molar ratio of components (a) and (b) to component (c) being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Fully aromatic thermotropic polyesters are based on(A) from 30 to 60 mol % of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,(b) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(B.sub.1) terephthalic acid and(B.sub.2) isophthalic acid,the molar ratio of B.sub.1 to B.sub.2 being from 1.04:1 to 19:1, and(C) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) hydroquinone,(C.sub.2) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and(C.sub.3) from 0.5 to 5 mol % of(C.sub.31) 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and/or(C.sub.32) 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and/or(C.sub.33) and aromatic dihydroxy compound of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is --CH.sub.2 --, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --O-- or --CO--, and/or(C.sub.34) a compound of the general formula II ##STR2## where Y is NH.sub.2 or OH, the molar ratio of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 being from 0.1:1 to 2.67:1 and the molar ratio of B to C being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic polyesters which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 300.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 10 to 25 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula III ##STR3## (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeat units of the formula IV ##STR4## and (e) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of (a), (b) and (c) of repeat units of the formula V ##STR5## the molar proportions of components a, b, c, d and e adding up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and fibers, films, moldings and surface coatings prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic mesomorphic polyester imides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formulae I and/or II ##STR1## where x can be identical or different and each is --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --CH.sub.2 -- or .dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and n is 1 or 2,(b) from 0 to 30 mol % of repeat units of the formulae III and/or IV ##STR2## (c) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of components (a) and (b) of repeat units(c1) from 3 to 35 mol % of units of the formula V ##STR3## and one or more of the repeat units.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic mesomorphic polyester amides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 5 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of components (a) and (b), and, when (e) signifies repeat units of the formula VI or VII, (e) of repeat units of the formula III ##STR3## (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeat units of the formula IV ##STR4## (e) from 2 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula V ##STR5## or of the formula VI ##STR6## the repeat units of the formula VI being replaceable in part by repeat units of the formula VII ##STR7## with the proviso that the molar proportions of components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) add up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and fibers, films, molding and surface coating materials prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic mesomorphic polyester amide imides which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 320.degree. C. and are composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formula I and/or II ##STR1## where X can be identical or different, each X being --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --CH.sub.2 -- or .dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.

Abstract: A knife cylinder for processing a continuous web has a plurality of knife blades mounted therein by metallic bellows cylinders located in grooves which receive the knife blades. At least one force transmission element is likewise located in each groove between the blade and the bellows cylinders, or between the bellows cylinders and an opposing wall of the groove. Such elements contain pressure medium passageways connected with a pressure medium generating assembly for internally pressurizing the bellows.

Abstract: Disperse dye compositions comprising(a) 20 to 55% by weight of a dye of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently halogen, (b) 5 to 40% by weight of at least one dye of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is halo, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-4 alkyl)carbonyl or benzoyl; and(c) 30 to 60% by weight of one or more dispersing agents and any other additives that may be present.Components (a), (b) and (c) forming 100% dry weight of the composition.

Abstract: The instant invention provides a new and improved method of preparing .alpha.-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, particularly substituted cyclopent-2-en-2-ol-1-ones and substituted 3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanones. The novel sequence involves a number of novel intermediates including substituted 2-cyanocyclopentanones, substituted 2-cyano-2-hydroxycyclopentanones, and 2-cyano-2-hydroxyvalero-.gamma.-lactones.

Abstract: A folding apparatus for the zigzag folding of a web includes an oscillating multi-section guide channel device comprising upper and lower funnels pivotally interconnected and a pair of web drawing rolls located in the immediate vicinity of the pivot axis about which the funnels are connected. The lower and upper ends of the walls of the respective funnels lie on opposite sides of the drawing rolls, and at least one of the ends of one of such walls is spaced from the rolls in the direction of web movement for defining at least one opening in the vicinity of such pivot axis for the entry of air into at least one funnel. The proximity of the rollers to the pivot axis and the contoured light weight metal walls reduce inertia forces during oscillating movement of the device and the migration of air with the web facilitate running of the web through the device so as to increase the operating speed of the folding apparatus.

Abstract: A clamping apparatus includes jaws carried by a frame and movable toward each other to center and engage a workpiece by a lever and linkage arrangement which operates quickly. The workpiece is then firmly clamped by a rope which extends from the frame around the workpiece at least 360.degree. and through a gripping device. The gripping device is urged toward the gripping position by a spring.

Abstract: The instant invention provides a new and improved method of preparing .alpha.-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, particulary substituted cyclopent-2-en-2-ol-1-ones and substituted 3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanones. The novel sequence involves a number of novel intermediates including substituted 2-cyanocyclopentanones, substituted 2-cyano-2-hydroxycyclopentanones, and 2-cyano-2-hydroxyvalero-.gamma.-lactones.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a disazo dyestuff of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each stand for hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each stand for hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, nitro, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and the hydroxyl groups each stand in 2- or 4-position to the azo groups which comprises diazotizing a 2- or 4-hydroxy-4'-aminoazobenzene of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are defined as above, with an alkali metal nitrite in an aqueous mineral acid, the normality of which being about 10.sup.-2 to 5, in the presence of a phenol capable of being coupled of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A folding apparatus for the zigzag folding of a web includes at least one reciprocating channel guide through which the web passes, the channel being engageable with the apparatus at a selected and changeable pivot point to thereby effect an adjustment of the amplitude of the channel for the folding of differently sized web sections. A pair of pivotally connected channels is alternatively provided, the upper and lower ones of which also being engageable with the apparatus at a selected and changeable pivot point.

Abstract: Substituted 2-nitro-2'-hydroxy-azobenzenes are manufactured by coupling a phenol dispersed with a dispersing agent in water with a solution, in an inorganic acid, of a diazotized o-nitroaniline at a pH value not exceeding 2.The azobenzenes obtained are intermediate products for benztriazoles.

Abstract: In the dispensing of gasoline into a tank used for the storage or transportation of gasoline wherein the gasoline displaces a gaseous mixture of air and gasoline, and said mixture is treated to a recovery step to separate said gasoline from said mixture, there is provided an improvement in the recovery step which comprises cooling said mixture to condense out the gasoline and water from the air thereby purifying the air, and then separating the water from the gasoline. One or two main heat exchangers can be employed depending on whether the system is operated continuously or not. A short regeneration time is made possible by the use of steam which expands the heat exchange tubes sufficiently to remove ice cleanly. An absorber using activated carbon is optionally employed in addition to the removal of the gasoline by cooling.

Abstract: A load dump circuit for a wye connected electric generating machine includes a silicon controlled rectifier connected between the common terminal of the wye and one of the output terminals of the machine. A Zener diode sensing circuit is connected to the common wye terminal and to the control terminal of the controlled rectifier for rendering the controlled rectifier conductive to shunt the output windings in the event of an excessive voltage being developed thereacross as a result of a rapid load reduction or similar condition. Means are also provided to terminate field excitation during the shunting condition.

Abstract: An over-voltage protection circuit for an electric generating machine having a controlled rectifier for shunting the output winding of the machine in the event of an over-voltage condition includes impedance means connected in series with the controlled rectifier and regulation circuitry responsive to current flowing through the impedance means for preventing the excitation of the field when the controlled rectifier is conductive. An improved triggering circuit including a Zener diode and a transistor switch is employed to assure proper triggering of the controlled rectifier.

Abstract: .Iadd.Antitumor active mono and poly N-Bis-(B-haloethyl)-carbamic acid esters of certain estrogenic steroid hormones, especially estradiol; such compounds wherein all hydroxyl groups of the steroid molecule are not thus esterified; and organic and inorganic acid esters of such latter compounds. .Iaddend.