Abstract: Carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl or haloalkyl radicals having a total of up to 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl, X is oxygen or sulfur and Y is linear or branched alkylene having up to 6 carbon atoms, a process for their manufacture and filaments and fibers on the basis of modacrylic polymers wherein the fiber-forming substance comprises a copolymer of35 to 85% by weight of acrylonitrile5 to 45% by weight of vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride or a mixture thereof, and5 to 30% by weight of a carboxyphosphinic acid derivative of the formula Iand 0 to 15% by weight of other unsaturated compounds with activated double bond, and a process for their manufacture. The filaments and fibers are self-extinguishing, have a good thermostability and a high degree of whiteness.

Abstract: Permanently flame-resistant synthetic linear polyesters are obtained by irporating by condensation into the polyester composed of the usual dicarboxylic acid and diol units an alkylphosphine oxide of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein the radicals R to R.sub.4 represent organic radicals of which R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and Z may be substituted by 2 hydroxyl groups altogether, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may also represent hydrogen and a is zero or a whole number of from 1 to 4. The flame-resistant polyesters are processed into shaped structures such as fibers, filaments, sheets, injection and compression molded articles characterized by good flameproofness and dyeing properties.

Abstract: A polyolefin molding composition having an excellent stability to light, to heat and of its color shade is obtained by adding to the polyolefin from 0.01 to 2 weight %, calculated on the polyolefin, of a compound of diphosphonic acid or diphosphinic acid.

Abstract: 2-Halo-ethane-phosphonic acid dihalides and vinyl-phosphonic acid dihalides are prepared by reacting hydroxyethane-phosphonic acid, its salts or functional derivatives, or the mono-thio-analogs thereof with acid halides of the formula (CO).sub.1 or 2 X.sub.2 wherein X represents halogen using as catalyst a compound containing at least one three- to penta-valent nitrogen or phosphorus atom bound by at least 3 valences to organic radical having up to 20 carbon atoms, two of the valences possibly forming a double bond; a one- to three-basic organic or inorganic fully amidated acid of three or penta-valent phosphorus the nitrogen atoms of which are alkylated by aliphatic radicals having up to 20 carbon atoms and the organic radical of which contains up to 20 carbon atoms, or a mixture of the aforesaid compounds. If desired the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent, preferably the reaction product and in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ethane-1,2,-diphosphinic acid diesters of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 represents alkyl, phenyl and/or phenalkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be optionally substituted by halogen atoms, which comprises reacting phosphonous acid esters of the formula ##STR2## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as define above, with acetylene in the presence of catalytic amounts of radical-forming agents and/or with UV irradiation.

Abstract: Carboxyphenyl-alkylphosphinic acids and the esters thereof corresponding to the formula I ##SPC1##where R.sub.1 is alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, independently, each are hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or oxyalkyl HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CHR--, n being 1 to 3 and R hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a process for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: Process for preparing phosphonic acid dihalides of the formula ##EQU1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenalkyl or alkyl-phenyl of 7 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenalkyl or alkyl-phenyl of 7 to 8 carbon atoms, all radicals R optionally being substituted by chlorine, bromine, cyano or lower acyloxy, and wherein X is halogen such as 2-chloroethane phosphonic acid dichloride, by reacting phosphonic or thio-phosphonic acids of the formula ##EQU2## wherein Y is oxygen or sulfur, their salts or functional derivatives, with acid halides of the formula(CO).sub.n X.sub.2 (III)wherein X is chlorine or bromine and n is 1 or 2, in the presence of 0.2 - 5% or in the presence of 0.01 to 0.2% by weight of1.

Abstract: Permanently flame resistant filaments and fibers are produced from synthetic linear polyesters in which about 5 to 15 mol% of the acid component of the polyester consist of phosphinic acid structural units of the formula ##EQU1## in which R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 stand for organic radicals which may contain hetero atoms, preferably halogen, oxygen or sulfur. The filaments and fibers can be well dyed deep shades and are suitable in all fields of application where textiles which are hard to inflame are desired.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxyethane-phosphonic acid diesters, 2-hydroxyethylphoshinic acid esters and the corresponding thiophoshonic acid-O,O-diesters or thiophosphinic acid-O-esters of the formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 has the meaning of R.sub.1 or represents cycloalkyl having up to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl having up to 18 carbon atoms, aryl having up to 14 carbon atoms or aralkyl having up to 15 carbon atoms,R.sub.3 means hydrogen, alkyl having up to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl having up to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having up to 10 carbon atoms, aryl having up to 14 carbon atoms or aralkyl having up to 15 carbon atoms, the substituents R.sub.1 -R.sub.

Abstract: Process for preparing halogenomethane-phosphonic acid dihalides of the formula ##EQU1## wherein X is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, by reacting hydroxymethane-phosphonic acids of the formulaTheir salts or functional derivatives or thio-analogs, with acid halides of the formula ##EQU2##(CO).sub.n X.sub.2 (III)where n is 1 or 2, in the presence of certain tri- or pentavalent nitrogen or phosphorus-containing compounds. The products are valuable intermediates for the preparation of pesticides and flame retardants.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phosphonic acid dihalides of the formula ##EQU1## IN WHICH R is .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated alkyl, .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated alkyl, phenyl or benzyl and may be further substituted, which comprises reacting corresponding phosphonic or pyrophosphonic acids or their functional derivatives with acid halides of the formula (CO).sub.n Hal.sub.2 where n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Novel tertiary phosphine oxides containing in one radical at least two hydroxy groups or functional derivatives thereof are obtained by adding olefins having at least two hydroxy groups or functional derivatives thereof to secondary phosphine oxides at elevated temperatures in the presence of a free radical generator. The products are useful as flame-retardant agents and intermediates for anti-corrosive agents and pesticides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of halo-methylphosphinic acid halides of the formula I ##EQU1## where R.sub.1 is alkyl, aralkyl or aryl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and X is halogen, which comprises reacting phosphinic acid derivatives of the formula II ##EQU2## where R.sub.1 is as defined above and R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms optionally being substituted by halogen, hydrogen or a monovalent cation, with acid halides of the formula III(co).sub.n X.sub.2 (III)where n is 1 or 2 and X is halogen.

Abstract: Flame-repellant linear polyesters are obtained by incorporating by condensation phosphorus-compounds having the formula ##EQU1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are organic radicals which may also contain hereto atoms into the linear polyesters, preferably those from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. These polyesters are materials of which flame-repellent filaments, fibers, sheets, press-moulded and injection-moulded articles may be made. Products of the invention can be used whereever especially acute risks of ignition and fire exist.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ethane-1,2-diphosphinic acid diesters of the formula ##EQU1## where R.sub.1 represents alkyl, phenyl and/or phenalkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be optionally substituted by halogen atoms, which comprises reacting phosphonous acid esters of the formula ##EQU2## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above, with acetylene using high-energy irradiation.