Abstract: In a control valve for lubricating channels of motor vehicles, wherein a control element is associated with a control opening and biased by a first actuating member to an end position sealing the control opening and by means of a second actuating member which acts in an opposite direction, the pressure effective on the control element by lubricant via the control opening acts thereon in a perpendicular manner in relation to the direction of displacement of the control element so that no axial force is effective on the control element, the second actuating member consists of a memory metal which is activated at a predetermined temperature to move the control element out of its closing position against a stop element which is replaceably mounted on the valve housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of attaching an exhaust manifold to an engine's cylinder head utilizing an oversized hole in the manifold, a stud fastener extending through the oversized hole, a spacer element around the stud fastener, and a nut adapted to be tightened to engage the spacer element and the flange wherein a flat gasket is compressed to a desired extent which is not so excessive that it inhibits sliding movement caused by thermal growth of the manifold.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine includes an inner duct with flanges for connection to an engine. The inner duct is enclosed by an envelope consisting of two shells which are interconnected at their edges by seams. Between the inlet flanges, the seams are disposed at a substantially greater distance from the inner duct than in other areas such that, in a cross-sectional plane disposed between, and extending normal to, the flanges, the envelope has drop-like shape.