Abstract: Described herein is a process for the preparation of 1,3-dioxan-2-one group-containing oligourethanes by reacting a) hydroxy-functional 1,3-dioxan-2-ones with b) compounds having an average of at least two isocyanate groups per molecule; the oligourethanes obtainable by this process; and their use, optionally in combination with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, for the preparation of plastics or as a binder or binder component in coating compositions.

Abstract: Carbonates with aromatic ester groups may be produced by reacting aromatic monohydroxy compounds with phosgene or with chlorocarbonates of aromatic monohydroxy compounds, wherein a temperature in the range from 50.degree. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure in the range from 0.05 to 20 bar are used in the presence of hard materials with metal-like properties (ceramic precursors) as heterogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: Aromatic amines are produced by catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds in the gas phase. The catalyst includes palladium and lead on graphite or on a graphite-containing coke support. From 30 to 6000 equivalents of hydrogen for each equivalent of nitro groups are contacted with the catalyst during this process.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a mixture which contains benzyl chloride, benzyl alcohol, dibenzyl ether and aqueous hydrochloric acid, wherein said mixture is continuously introduced via a side-feed into a distillation column from which aqueous hydrochloric acid and benzyl chloride are continuously taken off as overhead product, benzyl alcohol and dibenzyl ether are continuously taken off as bottom product, thereby the formation of dibenzyl ether is reduced or virtually prevented.

Abstract: In the preparation of diaryl carbonates from an aromatic hydroxy compound, CO and O.sub.2, use is made not only of a quaternary salt, a base, a platinum metal catalyst and a cocatalyst, but additionally of a heterogeneous promoter which is a compound of the formulaA.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z,whereA and B are each, independently of one another, an element of group IIIA, IVA, VA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB or VIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements (Mendeleev),C represents an element of the 2nd period of the Periodic Table of the Elements (Mendeleev),x is a number from 1 to 3,y is a number from 0 to 3 andz is a number from 1 to 12.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the chemical recycling of polycarbonates by catalyzed reaction with diaryl carbonates to oligocarbonates which are crystallized, purified and then polycondensed back to polycarbonates, insoluble constituents optionally being removed before the crystallization step.

Abstract: Optionally substituted ODOP is obtained by reaction of optionally substituted o-phenylphenol with PCl.sub.3 in the presence of Lewis acids at elevated temperature in a first stage, with according to the invention an excess of at least 0.05 mol of PCl.sub.3 per mol of o-phenylphenol being maintained during the entire reaction time, and, after removal of the PCl.sub.3, by hydrolysis in a second stage using 1-2 mol of H.sub.2 O per chlorine equivalent of the product of the first stage at 50.degree.-150.degree. C. and with removal of HCl and residual H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: In a new process for the production of aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compound, CO and O.sub.2 in contact with a platinum-group metal catalyst, a co-catalyst, a quaternary salt and a base at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, an improvement is achieved if the reaction water is removed continuously from a partial flow of the reaction under reduced pressure and largely isothermal conditions and the dehydrated partial flow is again supplied to the reaction.

Abstract: The preparation of optionally substituted diphenylamine by reaction of optionally substituted aniline with optionally substituted cyclohexanone using a supported Rh catalyst containing rhodium or a combination of rhodium with another platinum metal from the group of palladium, platinum, ruthenium or iridium and which can additionally contain chromium, manganese, alkali metal and a sulphur compound is described. The catalyst of the invention is prepared from halide-free starting materials. The Rh catalyst is distinguished by a low dependence of the initial selectivity, the selectivity in the run-in state and the running-in time on the conditions of the reductive pretreatment and requires only short running-in times to the optimum state.

Abstract: Polysaccharides corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## in which S is a recurrent monosaccharide unit andB is a group of formula (Ia) attached to the monosaccharide unit S by an O atom ##STR2## are prepared by reaction of polysaccharides with an alkyl halide corresponding to formula (II) ##STR3##

Abstract: Aminobiphenyl (ABP) can be separated off from diphenylamine (DPA) by treating the DPA to be purified at elevated temperature with a substance in which oxygen is bonded by a double bond to a C atom, an N atom or another O atom and then separating off the DPA from the treated mixture.

Abstract: Carbonates with aromatic ester groups are prepared by reaction of aromatic monohydroxy compounds with phosgene or with chloroformic acid esters of aromatic monohydroxy compounds, whereby operations are carried out at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. to 450.degree. C. and at a pressure in the range of 0.05 to 20 bar in the presence of metallates of the elements of groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, IIIb, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb, and VIII of the Mendeleev periodic system as heterogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: A method for preparing a chloroethylglucopyranose which comprisesa) reacting glucose with from 2 to 10 times the molar amount of chloroethanol at from 100.degree. to 130.degree. C. in the absence of a catalyst, optionally removing water,b) further reacting the product of step (a) at 60.degree. to 90.degree. C. in the presence of an acidic catalyst for from 10 to 600 minutes andc) Separating therefrom the chloroethylglucopyranose.

Abstract: Isocyanates or isocyanate mixtures which contain no appreciable amounts of color causing materials are produced by phosgenating the amine corresponding to the desired isocyanate and treating the isocyanate-containing phosgenation mixture with hydrogen in the presence of a supported catalyst. The supported catalyst is in a form such that its shortest dimension is from about 0.3 to about 3.0 mm. This catalyst has a BET surface of from about 0.5 to about 150 m.sup.2 /g. No alkali material can be present in the catalyst. These isocyanates are particularly useful for the production of light-colored foams.

Abstract: A process is described for working up liquid reaction mixtures such as are formed during dimethyl carbonate preparation by oxidative carbonylation of methanol in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst, which process permits a simple separation of the water of reaction from the dimethyl carbonate. In this process, in a first distillation column, the water of reaction is taken from the bottom of the column; the top product from the first column is separated in a second column, under increased pressure, into dimethyl carbonate as bottom product and into a top product which is predominantly composed of methanol. The top product from the distillative working-up in the second column, which is predominantly composed of methanol, is recycled to the reaction process.

Abstract: Carbonates with aromatic ester groups can be produced by reaction of aromatic monohydroxy compounds with phosgene or with chloroformic acid esters of aromatic monohydroxy compounds, working at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. to 350.degree. C. in presence of oxides of the metals of Group IV B of the Mendeleeff periodic table as heterogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: Organic carbonates which contain at least one aromatic ester group can be obtained continuously from carbonates, which contain at least one aliphatic ester group, and a phenolic compound in the presence of a transesterification catalyst known per se in that the reaction is carried out in a bubble column reactor or in a cascade of at least two bubble column reactors in such a way that the phenolic compound is metered into the first bubble column and the carbonate containing at least one aliphatic ester group is metered into each individual bubble column, but preferably only into the last bubble column. The carbonate containing at least one aromatic ester group is taken off in the liquid state from the last bubble column. Volatile reaction products, for example eliminated alcohol or a dialkyl carbonate are taken off at the upper end of each individual bubble column, preferably at the upper end of the first bubble column.

Abstract: A bubble column reactor is described which is characterized by a slenderness ratio at a ratio of height to diameter of 2 to 50, a feed, at the bottom end of the bubble column, for the ethylene glycol carbonate (EGG) or propylene glycol carbonate (PGC) already present serving as reaction medium, one or more metering sites for the starting materials CO.sub.2 and ethylene oxide (EOX) or propylene oxide (POX) above the feed for the reaction medium, an outlet for the reaction mixture at the top end of the bubble column, a dividing apparatus connected thereto for the reaction mixture flowing off for dividing it into reaction mixture to be taken off and worked up on the one hand and reaction mixture to be recycled on the other hand and additionally a return line to the feed for the reaction mixture to be recycled. This bubble column reactor can be advantageously used in a process for the continuous preparation of EGG or PGC which is carried out in the temperature range from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Diaryl carbonates can be prepared by reacting aromatic hydroxy compounds with CO and O.sub.2 at elevated temperature over a noble metal catalyst in the presence of a base, a quaternary salt, a cocatalyst and a dessicant. According to the invention, the noble metal catalyst is activated with CO in the presence of the quaternary salt and optionally in the presence of the cocatalyst. In a particular process variant, the base used is a preformed alkali metal phenoxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of diaryl carbonates by reaction of an aromatic hydroxyl compound with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst containing a noble metal of group VIIIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a quaternary salt, a cocatalyst and a base. The catalyst is activated by treatment with carbon monoxide in the liquid phase. The reaction water is removed by excess reaction gas.