Abstract: A method for treating molten metals (4) and/or slags in metallurgical baths comprises the introduction of a process gas into a melt bath. The process gas is accelerated to supersonic speed and is introduced below the melt bath surface (5) by means of at least one supersonic nozzle (6) with supersonic speed into the liquid phase of the molten metal (4) and/or into the slag and/or into the region of a phase boundary between molten metal and slag. The disclosure further relates to a metallurgical plant for treating molten metals.

Abstract: A burner comprises a primary nozzle for injecting an oxygen-rich gas. The primary nozzle is designed as a supersonic nozzle. A coaxial nozzle having an annular outlet opening is provided for injecting a fuel gas. The coaxial nozzle is designed as a subsonic nozzle and is coaxial to the primary nozzle. The primary nozzle has a convergent portion and a divergent portion, which adjoin each other at a radius of the narrowest cross-section. The annular outlet opening is located at an end face of the burner. The fuel gas, in the form of hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-containing gas, is injected at a fixed inlet pressure and a fixed inlet volumetric flow rate, with respect to a planned thermal power of the burner. In contrast, the inlet pressure and the inlet volumetric flow rate of the oxygen-rich gas are varied according to the application.

Abstract: A device (1) for drying and/or preheating metallic and/or non-metallic materials, preferably scrap, comprises a receiving container (3) and a scrap basket (7) which is arranged in the receiving container (3) and has a gas-permeable bottom area (9). The receiving container (3) has at least one process gas inlet line (6) in its wall (4), via which a process gas with a temperature in the range from 200 to 1600° C. can be introduced into the receiving container (3), and at least an injector nozzle (19) arranged coaxially within the at least one process gas inlet line (6) via which a cooling gas can be introduced into the process gas.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for producing steel, including a lower furnace, an annular, water-cooled, fireproof lined cylindrical upper furnace, on which an upwardly closing conically tapering hat having openings can be placed. The smelting assembly is configured for the operational mode without melt flow and the operational mode with melt flow. To this end, at least one opening is provided in the conical furnace cover, through which opening at least one top lance can be introduced into the upper furnace. A plurality of sidewall injectors radially rotate around the cylindrical upper furnace in such a way that in a working position, the top lance and the sidewall injectors are directed onto a smelt level of a molten mass located in the lower furnace for refining.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for producing steel, including a lower furnace, an annular, water-cooled, fireproof lined cylindrical upper furnace, on which an upwardly closing conically tapering hat having openings can be placed. The smelting assembly is configured for the operational mode without melt flow and the operational mode with melt flow. To this end, at least one opening is provided in the conical furnace cover, through which opening at least one top lance can be introduced into the upper furnace. A plurality of sidewall injectors radially rotate around the cylindrical upper furnace in such a way that in a working position, the top lance and the sidewall injectors are directed onto a smelt level of a molten mass located in the lower furnace for refining.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for predicting, controlling and/or regulating steelworks processes, comprising the steps of monitoring at least two input variables related to a target variable, determining the relationship between the at least two input variables and at least one target variable by means of regression analysis or classification methods, and using the determined target variable for predicting, controlling and/or regulating the steelworks process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for degassing molten steel, comprising an evacuation vessel (2), a pouring ladle (3), an inlet nozzle (4) with a gas purging device (5) arranged therein, and a discharge nozzle (1), wherein at its lower edge (9), in a radial direction in relation to the central longitudinal axis (6) of the discharge nozzle (1), the discharge nozzle (1) has at least one bore (7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel, comprising a blowing head (5) having a feed line (5b) for delivering gas, in particular oxygen, to the blowing head (5), and at least one Laval nozzle (1) disposed on the blowing head (5), said nozzle having an inlet section (2) which conveys the gas and an outlet section (3), wherein the gas is delivered to the inlet section (2) via the feed line (5b) and leaves the outlet section (3) at supersonic speed, wherein the Laval nozzle (1) comprises at least one first nozzle part (2, 3) and a second nozzle part (7), wherein the nozzle parts (2, 3, 7) are adjustable relative to one another by changing the geometry of the Laval nozzle (1).

Abstract: A continuous scrap feed into an electric smelting furnace (EAF) having a channel connected at one end to an opening in a wall of the smelting furnace and has at its other end a charging device for the scrap. An extraction device for the off-gases which are guided through the channel serve to preheat the scrap, this extraction device being connected to the channel between the two ends of the channel located closer to the smelting furnace than the scrap feed in relation to the total length of the channel. The extraction device is a single-stage blower whose intake opening is oriented in the direction of the smelting furnace, and the clear cross section of the channel between the extraction device and the scrap feed is adapted to the amount of scrap so that the height of the scrap charge substantially fills the clear cross section.

Abstract: An ultrasonic nozzle for use in metallurgical installations, in particular for the top blowing of oxygen in a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) or an electric arc furnace (EAF), has a convergent portion and a divergent portion, which are adjacent to each other at a nozzle throat, wherein the ultrasonic nozzle is defined by the following group of nozzle forms in a respective design case: Radius in Volumetric flow narrowest cross- Outlet max. nozzle Pressure rate V0 in Nm/ section r* in mm radius re length 1 p0 in bar min (throat) in mm in mm 4 20 12.0 14.0 ?50 ± 20 4 200 39 44.0 160 ± 20 14 20 6 10.0 ?50 ± 20 14 200 21 33.0 ?160 ± 20.

Abstract: A method for operating a blowing lance for blowing a gas in a metallurgical vessel, wherein the head of the blowing lance includes at least one supersonic nozzle, operating parameter measurement signals used for the purpose of process control are continuously acquired. The inlet pressure and/or the inlet temperature of the gas at the supersonic nozzle and/or the vibration amplitude and/or the vibration frequency of the blowing lance and/or the time at which ignition occurs during the oxygen blowing process and/or the location at which ignition occurs during the oxygen blowing process is detected and/or measured in the head of the lance by a detector or sensor arranged in the head of the lance near the supersonic nozzle during operation of the blowing lance. The measurement signal(s) are transmitted to a control unit connected to the detector or sensor and made available for controlling the operation of the blowing lance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supersonic nozzle for use in metallurgical installations, in particular for the top blowing of oxygen in a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) or an electric arc furnace (EAF), comprising a convergent portion and a divergent portion, which are adjacent to each other at a nozzle throat (DK), wherein the supersonic nozzle is defined by the following group of nozzle forms in the respective design case thereof: (T1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel, comprising a blowing head (5) having a feed line (5b) for delivering gas, in particular oxygen, to the blowing head (5), and at least one Laval nozzle (1) disposed on the blowing head (5), said nozzle having an inlet section (2) which conveys the gas and an outlet section (3), wherein the gas is delivered to the inlet section (2) via the feed line (5b) and leaves the outlet section (3) at supersonic speed, wherein the Laval nozzle (1) comprises at least one first nozzle part (2, 3) and a second nozzle part (7), wherein the nozzle parts (2, 3, 7) are adjustable relative to one another by changing the geometry of the Laval nozzle (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for degassing molten steel, comprising an evacuation vessel (2), a pouring ladle (3), an inlet nozzle (4) with a gas purging device (5) arranged therein, and a discharge nozzle (1), wherein at its lower edge (9), in a radial direction in relation to the central longitudinal axis (6) of the discharge nozzle (1), the discharge nozzle (1) has at least one bore (7).

Abstract: A continuous scrap feed into an electric smelting furnace (EAF) having a channel connected at one end to an opening in a wall of the smelting furnace and has at its other end a charging device for the scrap. An extraction device for the off-gases which are guided through the channel serve to preheat the scrap, this extraction device being connected to the channel between the two ends of the channel located closer to the smelting furnace than the scrap feed in relation to the total length of the channel. The extraction device is a single-stage blower whose intake opening is oriented in the direction of the smelting furnace, and the clear cross section of the channel between the extraction device and the scrap feed is adapted to the amount of scrap so that the height of the scrap charge substantially fills the clear cross section.

Abstract: An inlet snorkel for a degassing vessel operating by the RH process. The inlet snorkel is for a degassing vessel for metallurgical melting using the RH process. Gas injection pipes through which inert gas can be introduced into the inlet snorkel are distributed along the axial length of the inlet snorkel, and groove-like guide shapes are provided upstream of these gas injection pipes so as to project into the clear cross section of the inlet snorkel.

Abstract: In a continuous casting chill (1) with a coolant duct (2), which is formed by a chill inner wall (3), facing the molten metal, as the hot side, a chill outer wall (4) as the cold side and a right side wall (5) and a left side wall (6), the coolant duct (2) is constructed with turbulence-generating elements (7, 9, 10).