Abstract: Alkylpolyalkylene glycol esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids are prepared by esterifying (a) monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with (b) polyalkylene glycols which are endcapped at one end, in the absence of a solvent and in the presence of polymerization inhibitors and esterification catalysts at not more than 160° C. by a process in which the esterification is first carried out under atmospheric pressure or at up to 50 bar, the water formed in the esterification is then distilled from the reaction mixture at from 10 to 500 mbar and the esterification is then continued under atmospheric pressure or at up to 50 bar.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of water-soluble polymers of esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyalkylene glycols by azeotropic esterification, in the presence of organic solvents which form an azeotrope with water, of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with polyalkylene oxides which are capped at one end by end groups, to a degree of at least 85 wt %, followed by free-radical polymerization of the resulting esters optionally together with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, in aqueous medium, wherein the organic solvents are removed by azeotropic distillation from the reaction mixture during polymerization and the water that is removed by distillation is recycled or the quantity of water removed by distillation from the reaction mixture is replaced by a feed of fresh water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing aqueous copolymer solutions by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of foam inhibitors.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a process of conditioning hair in which a cosmetic composition is applied to the hair, which composition contains a polymer formed by (i) the free-radically initiated copolymerization of monomer mixtures of (a) from 1 to 99.99% by weight of a cationic monomer or quaternizable monomer, (b) from 0 to 98.99% by weight of a water-soluble monomer, (c) from 0 to 50% by weight of a further free-radically copolymerizable monomer, and (d) from 0.01 to 10% by weight of a bifunctional or polyfunctional, free-radical copolymerizable monomer, and (ii) subsequent quaternization of the polymer if the monomer (a) is a non-quaternized monomer.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymerizates are disclosed containing carboxyl groups, and also containing the following components incorporated by polymerization: (a) 30 to 80 mol % monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 carboxylic acids, anhydrides thereof and/or water-soluble salts thereof; (b) 10 to 50 mol % C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 olefines, styrene, alkyl styrene, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl vinyl ethers and/or vinyl esters of saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 monocarboxylic acids; and (c) 0.01 to 20 mol % vinyl ethers and/or allyl ethers of alkoxylated C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alcohols. The copolymerizates in question have a K-value of at least 8 (determined after H. Fikentscher). Also disclosed are methods of producing the water-soluble copolymerizates by copolymerization of the monomers in the presence of radical-forming polymerization initiators, and the use of the polymerizates as scale inhibitors.

Abstract: Copolymers which contain a) from 2 to 50 mol % of vinyl alkyl ethers having 3 to 30 carbon atoms in the molecule, b) from 10 to 88 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides and c) from 10 to 88 mol % of dialkyl esters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids as typical monomer units in polymerized form are prepared by copolymerizing the monomers a), b) and c) at from 40.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of free radical initiators and are used as film-forming resins in hair sprays and, in the form of the alkali metal, ammonium or alkaline earth metal salts, as thickeners for aqueous systems, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, textile print pastes, liquid detergents and cleaning agents.

Abstract: Graft copolymers obtainable by free radical-initiated copolymerization of(A) a monomer mixture comprising(a) a monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 - to C.sub.8 -dicarboxylic acid, or an anhydride, alkali metal salt or ammonium salt thereof,(b) a monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 - to C.sub.

Abstract: Crude oil middle distillates with improved cold flow properties, containing small amounts ofA. conventional flow improver on an ethylene base, andB. copolymers which consist of 10 to 95 mol-% of one or more acrylacrylates or alkylmethacrylates with C.sub.1 - to C.sub.26 -alkyl chains, and of 5 to 90 mol-% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, where the copolymer is reacted to a large extent with one or several primary or secondary amines into the monoamide or amide/ammonia salt of dicarboxylic acid, and the quantitative proportion of A to B is from 40 to 60 up to 95 to 5.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers which contain monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids as copolymerized monomer units, which comprises copolymerizinga) 10 to 60% by weight, based on the sum of the monomers, of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, -or an alkali metal salt thereof or, an anhydride thereof,b) 90 to 40% by weight of a monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkali metal salt thereof andc) 0 to 20% by weight of another monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, not having carboxyl groups and which is copolymerizable with a) and b);in an aqueous medium in the presence of from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on monomers, of a water-soluble initiator.

Abstract: Copolymers of monoalkyl maleates or maleic acid and salts thereof and vinyl alkyl ethers are prepared by free radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride and vinyl alkyl ethers and subsequent reaction with an alkanol or water and optionally metal hydroxides and/or oxides in a process wherein at every stage of the polymerization the vinyl alkyl ether component is present in excess in the reaction mixture, the free radical copolymerization is carried out in acetone and the acetone is removed by distillation during or after the esterification or hydrolysis, which comprises using a peroxyester of a carboxylic acid of 8 or more carbon atoms as polymerization initiator. The copolymers obtained are used in cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: A detergent composition contains as essential ingredients surfactants and from 0.1 to 15% by weight of water-soluble or -dispersible polymers obtainable by oxidation of polymers containing not less than 10 mol % of carboxyl-containing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers as copolymerized units and having Fikentscher K values of from 8 to 300.

Abstract: Pulverulent polymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are prepared by polymerizing (a) from 100 to 70% by weight of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof and (b) from 0 to 30% by weight of vinylsulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof in a monohydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alcohol, water or a mixture thereof in a pulverulent bed in the presence of a polymerization initiator and from 0.05 to 10 mol % of thiocarboxylic acid and/or a mercaptoalcohol and from 0.05 to 10 mol % of propionic acid or formic acid as regulators, each percentage being based on the monomers used in the polymerization, by maintaining the pulverulent state during the polymerization, removing the heat of polymerization by distilling off the solvent and recirculating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers of maleic acid useful as water treatment agents are prepared by copolymerizing(a) from 99 to 80% by weight of maleic anhydride and(b) from 1 to 20% by weight of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith and, facultatively,(c) up to 10% by weight of a crosslinker, at from 60.degree. to 200.degree. C. in an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of peroxyesters derived from saturated or monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, and hydrolyzing the anhydride groups of the copolymers following the polymerization.

Abstract: The particle size is controlled in the preparation of hydrophilic polymer powders by polymerization of water-soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in a powder bed in the presence of a polymerization initiator and an inert auxiliary liquid by a method in which a solution of the monomers in an inert auxiliary liquid is divided into fine drops with the aid of a multimaterial nozzle which dips into the powder bed, using an inert gas stream, and the particle size of the resulting polymer powder is regulated by varying the amount of inert gas.

Abstract: Liquid, alkaline detergent formulations which contain as essential constituents a surfactant, water and 0.1-20% by weight of partially esterified copolymers are obtainable by the copolymerization of(a) one or more C.sub.4 -C.sub.28 -olefins and(b) ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides of from 4 to 8 carbon atomsin a molar ratio of 1:1 and subsequent partial esterification of the copolymers of the reaction products(A) C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alcohols, C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 fatty acids, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylphenols or secondary C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -amines with(B) one or more C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene oxides or tetrahydrofuranin a molar ratio of (A):(B) of from 1:2 to 1:50 and hydrolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymer to carboxyl groups, the partial esterification of the copolymers being carried on until more than 5 to 50% of the carboxyl groups of the copolymers have been esterified.

Abstract: Oxyalkylated, carboxyl-containing polymers are prepared by reacting(A) a polymer which contains one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids as copolymerized units with(B) an alkylene oxidein an aqueous medium at not more than 120.degree. C. by a process in which the reaction is started at a pH of from 5.0 to 5.9 and is ended after a pH of from 5.5 to 8.5 has been reached. As a result of monitoring of the pH, the selectivity of the addition reaction of alkylene oxides with the polymers (A) is substantially improved compared with known processes.

Abstract: Copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides and alkyl vinyl ethers are prepared by copolymerization of the monomers from which the copolymers are derived, in the presence or absence of up to 2% by weight, based on the monomers, of a crosslinking agent containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, in the presence of a polymerization initiator in an ester of not less than 5 carbon atoms which is obtained from a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid and a saturated monohydric alcohol, as a solvent for the monomers, by a precipitation polymerization method.

Abstract: Metal salts of carboxyl-containing polymers are prepared by suspending carboxyl and/or carboxylic anhydride group-containing polymers in an inert solvent, reacting with a pulverulent basic metal compound, and then working up the suspension.

Abstract: Copolymers of monoalkyl maleates and vinyl alkyl ethers are prepared by free radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride and a vinyl alkyl ether followed by reaction with an alkanol, by a process in which the vinyl alkyl ether component is present in excess in the reaction mixture in each phase of the polymerization, the free radical copolymerization is carried out in acetone and the acetone is removed by distillation during or after ester formation at up to 70.degree. C.

Abstract: 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chlorides are prepared by quaternizing N-vinylimidazoles in aqueous solution with methyl chloride and are used for the preparation of water-soluble homo- or copolymers.