Abstract: A straightening apparatus for large diameter thick wall pipe has an expander head at one end of a beam inserted into the pipe and having a radially displaceable saddle positionable at any selected location along the beam. The saddle may be shifted along the beam by a linear actuator and the saddle applies a radial force to the inner wall of the pipe in a bending operation.

Abstract: A straightening apparatus for large diameter thick wall pipe has an expander head at one end of a beam inserted into the pipe and having a radially displaceable saddle positionable at any selected location along the beam. The saddle may be shifted along the beam by a linear actuator and the saddle applies a radial force to the inner wall of the pipe in a bending operation.

Abstract: For the digital data communication between a vehicle (transponder) and a beacon, an automatic gain control wherein the path attenuation between the transponder and the brake increases disproportionately with the distance. A two-stage automatic gain control is included for the gain control. After the first amplifier stage, the output signal is measured and supplied, together with a setpoint value contained in a setpoint memory, to a control amplifier. The output signal of the control amplifier is used both for automatically controlling the first amplifier stage, as well as the second amplifier stage. The automatic control makes it possible to cover only one single lane when automatically debiting highway tolls for a motor vehicle, for example. Influences caused by other motor vehicles on a nearby lane are eliminated.