Abstract: A crystalline swellable sheet silicate of the saponite type, of the formula[Mg.sub.6 (Si.sub.8-x Al.sub.x)O.sub.20 (OH).sub.4 ].sup.x-.(x/z)M.sup.z+ n H.sub.2 Oin whichx is a number which is less than 1.5 but at least 0.2,z is an integer from 1 to 3,M denotes a cation having the valency of z andn is a number less than 20, is prepared. For this purpose, an aqueous solution or suspension containing magnesium ions, a silica source, an alumina source and a sodium oxide source are combined. The atomic ratio of Mg/Si and Mg/Al used in this procedure correspond to the composition of the desired saponite. The atomic ration (Na-Al):(Mg+Si+3/2.Al) should be between x/5 and 1, Na denoting the amount of sodium atoms present in alkaline compounds. The pH of the reaction mixture should be at least 9.0. The crystals of the resulting synthetic saponite in the sodium form are separated off from the mother liquor and, if appropriate, treated with an aqueous solution or suspension of a salt having the cation M.sup.

Abstract: Adsorbents for polar organic compounds can be prepared by reacting 5-80% of an organic ammonium compound with 20-95% of a crystalline alkali metal phyllosilicate belonging to the group comprising phyllosilicates of the formulaMe.sub.2 Si.sub.x O.sub.2x+1.yH.sub.2 Oin which Me denotes an alkali metal ion or a proton, x denotes a number greater than 7, in particular from 7.5 to 23, and y denotes a number smaller than 7x. These organophilic phyllosilicic acids are capable of binding considerable amounts of organic compounds, such as, for example, fats or softeners. They are, therefore, excellently suitable for use as additives for enhancing the washing action in detergents or as a depot for organic compounds.

Abstract: Gel-forming organophilic layer silicate whose exchangeable cations have been wholly or partly replaced by a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be identical or different and denote C.sub.6 C.sub.30 -alkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.30 -alkenyl, R.sub.3 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, R.sub.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, A denotes the group --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 -- or --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 -- and n denotes 1 or 2. These organically modified layer silicates are used as thixotroping agents, for example for surface coatings and antirust primers.

Abstract: Softener-containing washing agents which, in addition to the customary components of washing agents, contain 0 to 10% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound and 1 to 30% by weight of a softener system which comprises 10 to 90% by weight of a tertiary amine and 90 to 10% by weight of a crystalline sheet-silicate of the formulaMe.sub.2 Si.sub.x O.sub.2x+1 .multidot. yH.sub.2 Oin which Me denotes an alkali metal ion or a proton, x denotes a number greater than 7, in particular from 7.5 to 23, and y denotes a number smaller than 7 x, in particular smaller than x. In the softener system, the tertiary amine is in a state of adsorption on the alkali metal silicate. The ammonium compounds, which are adsorbed on said silicate, produce a softening effect in the washing agent but on the other hand are compatible with anionic surfactants in the washing agent. produce a softening effect in the washing agent but on the other hand are compatible with anionic surfactants in the washing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the manufacture of a crystalline, phosphorus-containing zeolite of the ZSM-5 type by mixing water, a silicon dioxide source, an alkali metal hydroxide and an aluminum compound, and reacting this mixture at a temperature of from 95.degree. to 230.degree. C. until the zeolite has crystallized, which comprises carrying out the reaction without addition of an organic compound but in the presence of aluminum phosphate. The zeolite obtained has the following molar ratios:SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 from 15 to 200,M.sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 from 10.sup.-6 to 1 andH.sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 from 0 to 40(M being an alkali metal). It is free from organic compounds and contains phosphate in a molar ratio of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 :SiO.sub.2 of from 10.sup.-5 to 0.1. X-ray diffraction patterns are indicated.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the manufacture of zeolites of the ZSM-5 type by heating an aqueous solution or suspension containing a silicon dioxide source, alkali metal hydroxide and optionally an aluminum source until crystallization occurs. Furthermore, the solution or suspension contains an organic phosphorus compound which is selected from the group consisting of OPR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 and PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3, in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently from one another, each are alkyl or alkoxy having each from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.