Abstract: An integrated optical arrangement for multiplexing a plurality of different waveguide channels including a film waveguide disposed on a substrate having an arrangement for coupling a plurality of waveguide channels into the film waveguide, said film waveguide having a diffraction grating for separating the waveguide channels into a plurality of diffracted channels extending to a plurality of strip waveguides for conducting them from the film waveguide, and each of the strip waveguides having a photodetector in the form of an integrated diode for detecting the light being coupled from the film waveguide. The method includes providing a plurality of layers, removing the layers to form the diodes, further removing portions of the remaining layers to form the strip waveguides and film waveguides.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling or regulating the emission wavelength and emitted optical power of a semiconductor laser is provided in optically integrated fashion. The optical power of the laser is at least partially supplied to an optical detector device and to a wavelength selective optical filter device. That part of the supplied power which passes through the filter device is conducted to another opto-electrical detector device. As a result of the two diodes, the optical power and the emission wavelength of the laser are simultaneously measured, whereby two control signals for the injection current of the laser are obtained.

Abstract: A transmission and reception device for a fiber-optical sensor system functioning with two wavelengths is disclosed wherein light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength are supplied over in-coupling fibers of a fiber-optical brancher to a fiber path of the sensor system and wherein light returning over the fiber path is supplied over an out-coupling fiber of the brancher to an evaluation means. The brancher is designed such that the greatest part of the returning light is coupled out over the out-coupling fiber. Two advantageous embodiments of such a brancher are disclosed, the one being designed in the form of a non-frequency-selective, asymmetrical quad-gate brancher and the other being designed in the form of a frequency-selective, five-gate brancher.

Abstract: An optical polarizer for an optical isolator has a dove prism having a selected geometric shape such that both the incident and emerging beams satisfy the Brewster condition at the respective entrance and exit faces. A further embodiment of the invention consists of the combination of two dove prisms with an intervening multiple layer. The polarizer can be easily adjusted with no reduction in the coupling efficiency with incoming light, can be manufactured inexpensively, and exhibits no parallel offset or astigmatism.

Abstract: An optical isolator for glass fiber communication technology, which avoids disruptive back reflections at the input side polarizer that faces a laser diode, consists of a dielectric alternating layer system that is glued between a pair of prisms. In order to obtain a reflection-free polarizer for linear polarized radiation arriving at a specific angle of incidence, the material of the prisms and layers are selected so that the index of refraction of the prisms is equal to the index of refraction of the layers having a low index of refraction and the angle of incidence of radiation at the radiation entrance surface as well as the angle of emergence at the radiation exit surface of the prism are selected to equal the Brewster angle which is given by the arc tan (n.sub.L /n.sub.O) wherein n.sub.L is the low index of refraction of the layer and prisms and n.sub.O is the index of refraction of the medium adjacent to the prisms exit and entrance surfaces.

Abstract: An optical wavelength division multiplex system having a multiplexer unit, a demultiplexer unit and means for forming a transmission path between the two units characterized by each of the multiplexer and demultiplexer units being composed of at least two reflecting grating modules interconnected by at least one interference module which reflection and interference modules of each unit are matched to one another. The system enables increasing the number of transmission channels with different carrier wavelengths while the insertion losses are maintained in an acceptable range.

Abstract: A probe for the non-contact measurement of electric or magnetic field strengths has two wave guides provided on a substrate. One of the wave guides has a measurement portion consisting of an electro-optical material or a magneto-optical material in a region of a measurement zone. A magnetic or electric field changes the index of refraction of the measuring portion and the intensity of a light wave traveling through this portion of the wave guide is reduced. Comparison is then made between a standard intensity in the other wave guide and a reduced intensity in the light traveling through the wave guide measuring portion.

Abstract: A filter comprising multiple cylindrical layers of alternately high- and low-refractive materials and surrounded by a light-absorbent material with an outer diffusing surface is deposited by evaporation about a short axial length of a glass fiber to polarize or spectrum-filter light passing through said fiber. The indices of refraction of the filter layers are higher than the effective guide indices of the modes of the fiber core.

Abstract: An optical layer device having a substrate with a surface having one or more layers of either dielectric or metallic materials provided thereon characterized by the substrate being mounted on a holder and being of an elastically deformable material and means for deforming the substrate so that the substrate may be deformed in a predetermined spherical or aspherical fashion. Depending on the construction of the layers, the device may be utilized as either a variable reflector or a variable interference filter. In one embodiment of the invention, the deforming of the substrate is accomplished by varying a pneumatic pressure in the chamber which pressure contacts one surface of the substrate. In another embodiment of the invention, the deforming is accomplished by selectively heating the holder and substrate so that a predetermined deformation is caused by the different rate of thermal expansion for the holder and substrate.

Abstract: The invention discloses a wave guide structure utilizing a narrow band reflection polarizer comprising a substrate and a multiple layer dielectric for a generally incident unpolarized electromagnetic wave of wavelength .lambda..sub.1 in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions. The dielectric layers comprise a medium having an index of refraction n.sub.o, and at least two layers deposited by vaporization of material having alternatively high and low indices of refraction, n.sub.2 and n.sub.1, respectively. The layers having the high and low refractive indices exhibit the same effective optic layer thickness equal to (1/4) (j+1) .lambda..sub.1, where j = even integers, for the refractive index structure n.sub.s (n.sub.1, n.sub.2).sup.k n.sub.o, or n.sub.s (n.sub.1, n.sub.2).sup.k n.sub.1 n.sub.o and n.sub.1 = index of refraction of the first layer connected to the medium, n.sub.2 = index of refraction of the second layer connected serially to the first layer, and k = 0, 1, 2, . . .

Abstract: A spectroscopically selective filter device for light which is being conveyed in a waveguide disposed on a substrate characterized by at least two Bragg reflectors with distributed feedback which are disposed at spaced given intervals on a surface of the waveguide, a pair of electrodes positioned on opposite surfaces of the waveguide and between each pair of Bragg reflectors, the waveguide in at least the region adjacent the electrodes consisting of electro-optical material and means for applying an electrical voltage on the electrodes to vary the index of refraction of the electro-optical material and to thus adjust the length of the optical path between each pair of reflector. Preferably, each of the reflectors is a grating which is either formed in a surface of the waveguide or in a material disposed on the surface.

Abstract: A narrow-band interference filter comprises a plurality of alternating reflective dielectric layer systems arranged in a serial sequence in layer form on a substrate. Each system has a construction pattern (HL).sup.2 H, and a pair of spacing layers LL is arranged between adjacent layer systems. An H layer has a high index of refraction, and an L layer has a low index of refraction, the H and L layers being of the same optical thickness. A plurality of absorbent metal layers are interposed into the layer arrangement to act asymmetrically in relation to the reflection of light passing through the layers, the metal layers having thicknesses which are less than the geometrical thicknesses of the layers H and L. The filter, because of the asymmetrical reflection characteristic has an infinitesimal reflection for light passing therethrough in one direction. For an interposed with an active laser medium within a resonator having a pair of reflectors the filter forms a subsidiary resonator with one of the reflectors.

Abstract: An electro-optical switch and modulator for use in a region of a waveguide system which consists of either intersecting waveguides or branching waveguides, which are arranged on a dielectric substrate and consists of electro-optical material at the region and have at least one insulating layer engaging the region of the waveguides characterized by at least one electrode structure being located at the region and comprising a plurality of electrode fingers extending at right angles to a line which either is a bi-sector of the angle between the intersecting and branching waveguides when the region is located at the point of branching and intersecting or is a longitudinal axis of the waveguide when the region is spaced from the point of branching and intersecting. Preferably, the dielectric insulating layer also consists of an electro-optical material. When more than two electrode structures are used, the fingers may either have equal spacing or possess differing and separate switchable periodicity.

Abstract: A controllable, electro-optical grating coupler for the optional switch-over or modulation of optical waves in waveguides includes a substrate with a first areal electrode arranged on the substrate and a first dielectric layer arranged on the electrode and carrying a waveguide. A periodic grating structure is arranged in the waveguide transversely to the direction of propagation of light and either the grating structure of the waveguide consist of electro-optical material in the region of the grating structure. A second dielectric layer is arranged on the waveguide and a second areal electrode is arranged on the dielectric layer. By varying the voltage across the electrodes it is possible to amplify or reduce the interference provided by the grating structure so that the light in the waveguide is modulated, switched, scattered from the waveguide or input coupled to a second waveguide.

Abstract: An integrated optical waveguide has a first waveguide portion with a tapered terminus which directs the light carried therein into a multiple, high-and low-refractive layered filter system for spectrum or polarization filtration. A second optical waveguide portion has a tapered origin spaced closely adjacent the tapered terminus of the first portion on the topmost filter layer to pick up and transmit light from the filter. Effective indices of refraction of the integrated waveguides are greater than the index of refraction of the adjoining topmost layer of the filter for wave lengths of desired light.

Abstract: An improved device of the type suitable for coupling light waves from a first waveguide into a second waveguide, both waveguides being arranged by an integrated technique on a given substrate in intersecting fashion one above the other. Insulated electrodes adjacent opposed faces of the waveguides at the intersection zone between the waveguides permit generation of an electric field in response to an applied voltage therebetween. By forming the waveguides of electro optical material having appropriate indices of refraction, coupling is achievable between first and second waveguides.

Abstract: Optical waveguide systems useful as frequency-selective reflectors, filters, or resonators. Each system utilizes at least one grid fan means having elongated grating strips arranged in a fan-like manner and adapted to have a continuously variable grating constant. At least one waveguide is spatially located in adjacent relationship to a given grid fan in each system.

Abstract: A wave-guide structure for use in optical communications and a method of producing the wave-guide structure characterized by a substrate of a given index of refraction, a wave-guide layer having lateral edges and a different index of refraction disposed on a surface of the substrate and a multi-layer system extending through the wave-guide layer between the lateral edges to separate the wave-guide layer into two wave-guide portions which are integral with the multi-layer system and in planar alignment with each other, the multi-layer system comprises a plurality of layers with different indexes of refraction which layers extend at either a right angle or oblique angle to the surface of the wave-guide layer and at either a right angle or an oblique angle to the lateral edges so that radiation transmitted in one of the wave-guide portions has an angle of incident with the multi-layer system. The multi-layer system may extend partially ito the substrate or completely therethrough.