Abstract: A multi-stage output buffer is disclosed. The output buffer includes an emitter follower circuit coupled to a differential input that is configured to provide a substantially high input impedance at an input thereof, and provide a substantially low output impedance at an output thereof. An emitter coupled pair circuit is coupled to the output of the emitter follower circuit, and is configured to amplify the signal and further isolate an input circuit. The buffer further includes a base-grounded configuration transistor circuit coupled to an output of the emitter coupled pair circuit and having an output coupled to the differential output of the multi-stage output buffer. The base-grounded transistor circuit reduces a load impedance at the output of the emitter coupled pair circuit, improves decoupling of the external load from an input circuit when coupled thereto, and increases the output power.

Abstract: An output buffer is disclosed and includes a differential output buffer input configured for coupling to a differential output of an input circuit. The output buffer further includes an inductive voltage divider circuit coupled to the differential output buffer input, and configured to weaken a loading at the differential output of the input circuit.

Abstract: An oscillator system is disclosed and includes an oscillator circuit having a differential output producing a differential output signal thereat having a frequency that is a function of an input voltage. The oscillator system further includes an output buffer coupled to the differential output of the oscillator circuit. The output buffer includes an inductive voltage divider circuit configured to weaken a loading at the oscillator differential output and it increases the output power.

Abstract: A multi-stage output buffer is disclosed having a differential input and a differential output. The output buffer includes an emitter follower circuit coupled to the differential input that is configured to provide a substantially high input impedance at an input thereof, and provide a substantially low output impedance at an output thereof. An emitter coupled pair circuit is coupled to the output of the emitter follower circuit, and is configured to amplify the signal and further isolate an input circuit when coupled to the differential input of the multi-stage output buffer from an external load when coupled to the differential output thereof. The buffer further includes a base-grounded transistor circuit coupled to an output of the emitter coupled pair circuit and having an output coupled to the differential output of the multi-stage output buffer.

Abstract: An output buffer is disclosed and includes a differential output buffer input configured for coupling to a differential output of an input circuit. The output buffer further includes an inductive voltage divider circuit coupled to the differential output buffer input, and configured to weaken a loading at the differential output of the input circuit.

Abstract: An oscillator system is disclosed and includes an oscillator circuit having a differential output producing a differential output signal thereat having a frequency that is a function of an input voltage. The oscillator system further includes an output buffer coupled to the differential output of the oscillator circuit. The output buffer includes an inductive voltage divider circuit configured to weaken a loading at the oscillator differential output and it increases the output power.

Abstract: A driver circuit for producing pulses has first and second, sequentially connected differential amplifier stages and first and second adjustable offset voltage sources. The first offset voltage source is connected to an input of the first differential amplifier stage so that the pulse-duty ratio of a differential signal generated by the first differential amplifier stage is variable by adjusting the first offset voltage. The second offset voltage source is connected to an input of the second differential amplifier stage so that the turn-on voltage of a first transistor in the second differential amplifier stage, which is connected to an output of the driver circuit, can be made smaller by adjustment of the second offset voltage, which simultaneously results in an increase in the turn-off voltage for that transistor. The driver circuit is particularly suited for operating laser diodes in optical transmission systems and for pulse generators in measurement equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of generating a clock pulse signal, which is shifted by any desired, settable phase value between 0 and -.pi. by using two conventional phase shifters which can be set continuously between 0 and -.pi./2, wherein the two input ports of the first phase shifter are fed with the non-delayed frequency-halved signal and with the frequency-halved signal shifted in phase by -.pi./2, respectively, and the two input ports of the second phase shifter are fed with the frequency-halved signal shifted in phase by -.pi./2 and -.pi., respectively. Both phase shifters are actuated jointly, and subsequently the frequency of the thus phase shifted output signals being doubled again. The output or input signals or both of them of the two controllable phase shifters are each filtered through lowpass filters in such a manner that possibly existing harmonics are attenuated in amplitude relative to the frequency-halved signal whereby dynamic behavior and frequency behavior are improved considerably.

Abstract: A dynamic frequency divider including a mixer stage and a transimpedance amplifier connected to the output of the mixer stage.

Abstract: A broadband switching network in matrix form composed of a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, and including a plurality of crosspoint switching circuits each having an input and an output and each associated with a respective row and a respective column; a plurality of input circuits each associated with a respective row and connected to the input of each switching circuit associated with the respective row; and a plurality of output circuits each associated with a respective column and connected to the output of each switching circuit associated with the respective column. Each crosspoint switching circuit includes a transistor connected in common emitter configuration and control elements connected for applying to the emitter of the transistor a potential controlling the switching state of the crosspoint switching circuit and each input circuit and output circuit is a decoupling circuit.