Abstract: Polymer-stabilized metal colloid solutions, process for preparing them and their use as catalysts for fuel cells. Process for preparing metal colloid solutions by reacting a platinum compound and, if desired, one or more compounds of Rh, Ru, Ir or Pd with a reducing agent. At least one cation-exchange polymer is used for stabilizing the metal colloid solution.

Abstract: Polybetaine-stabilized nanosize platinum particles, a process for preparing them and their use for electrocatalysts in fuel cells Soluble nanosize particles which have a diameter of from 0.5 to 3 nm, preferably from 1 to 2 nm, comprise platinum alone or platinum and other metals of the platinum group and are embedded in a protective colloid which comprises polymeric betaines and can be degraded by hydrolysis. The betaine is preferably a carbobetaine of the formula —N+R1R2—(—CH2—)n—CO2−, a phosphobetaine of the formula —N+R1R2—(—CH2—)n—PO3— or, preferably, a sulfobetaine of the formula —N+R1R2—(—CH2—)n—SO3—, where R1 and R2 may, independently of one another, be identical or different and are alkyl radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n is 1, 2 or 3. Also described are a process for preparing the nanosize particles and catalysts produced therefrom and also their use for fuel cells.

Abstract: Polybetaine-stabilized, palladium-containing nanoparticles, a process for preparing them and also catalysts prepared from them for producing vinyl acetate. The invention relates to soluble nanoparticles which comprise palladium alone or palladium together with metals of the groups 8-11 of the periodic table and which are embedded in protective colloids, wherein the protective colloids comprise at least one polymer having betaine groups, and to a process for preparing them. The soluble nanoparticles are suitable for the preparation of catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aromatic bromoalkyl-substituted hydrocarbon compound, in which an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon compound is reacted with a brominating agent in the presence of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral tertiary alkyldiarylphosphines of the formula (I), ##STR1## where: R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, which can also be substituted by F, CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.3,Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 are phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, which can also bear one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy, CF.sub.3, F,* designates the chiral carbon atom which can have either an (R) or an (S) configuration,and also a process for preparing these compounds.

Abstract: 2,7'-Dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl and a process for preparing 2,2'-dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl and 2,7'-dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl by electrochemically oxidatively dimerizing 2-methylnaphthalene in the presence of acetonitrile/water/electrolyte salt mixtures which additionally contain at least one further component which, is immiscible or only partially miscible with water, and rectifying the reaction mixture obtained under reduced pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-alkylmercapto-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic esters of the formula (II), in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently of each other, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl, and a process for their preparation, which comprises reacting 3,4-dichlorobenzotrifluoride electrochemically at an anode with CO.sub.2 to give 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoate, converting it into the corresponding benzoic ester of the formula (I), and then reacting it with an alkylmercaptide R.sup.2 S.sup.e.

Abstract: The invention relates to bisquaternary ammonium compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## and their preparation, where: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are, for example, identical or different (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl which can also contain oxygen atoms or N--R.sup.4 moieties, where R.sup.4 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, in the chain and A is a chlorine, bromine, iodine atom or a OSO.sub.3 R.sup.5 radical, where R.sup.5 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing phosphines ##STR1## where, for example R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.10)cycloalkyl, C(YZ)aryl Y, Z is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, hydrogen, Aryl is phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, or biphenyl, binaphthylandR.sup.2, R.sup.3 are, independently of one another, phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl,by reacting a diarylphosphine ##STR2## where X is bromine, chlorine, fluorine, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy, O-phenyl, with a reducing agent and a quaternary ammonium compound ##STR3## where A is an anion of an organic or inorganic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 4,4'-dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl, by electrochemically oxidatively dimerizing 1-methylnaphthalene in the presence of acetonitrile/water/conducting salt mixtures which additionally contain at least one further component which is immiscible or only partially miscible with water.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyethers of the formula ##STR1## in which x and y are an integer from 1 to 4, can be obtained by electrolytic decarboxylation of perfluorocarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR2## in which x is an integer from 1 to 4. The electrolytic decarboxylation is carried out in an aqueous electrolyte fluid in the presence of aliphatic nitrile having an alkyl radical of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Perfluorinated bromoalkanes of the formulaX--(CF.sub.2).sub.p --Br (I),in which X is hydrogen or fluorine and p is an integer from 2 to 10, or perfluorinated bromoalkanes which contain ether groups, of the formula ##STR1## in which q is zero or an integer from 1 to 4, are obtained by electrolytic decarboxylation of a perfluorinated alkanecarboxylic acid of the formulaX--(CF.sub.2).sub.p --COOH (II),in which X is hydrogen or fluorine and p is an integer from 2 to 10, or an alkanecarboxylic acid which contains ether groups, of the formula ##STR2## in which q is zero or an integer from 1 to 4. The electrolytic decarboxylation is carried out in an aqueous electrolyte in the presence of bromine and an aliphatic nitrile.

Abstract: Perfluorocarbonyl compounds of the formulae IV and V ##STR1## in which R.sub.f denotes perfluoroalkyl, R'.sub.f denotes perfluoroalkylene, R denotes F, Cl, perfluoroalkyl or --OR"' (R"'=alkyl, aryl or aralkyl) and n denotes a number from 0 to 10, are prepared, starting from compounds of the formula I ##STR2## in which R.sub.f, R'.sub.f and n have the same meaning as in the formulae IV and V and R" is F, Cl or perfluoroalkyl, by electrolysis in an electrolyte consisting of fluorosulfonic acid/alkali metal fluorosulfonate and, if necessary, esterification with R"'OH, and decomposition ##STR3## in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkali metal fluorides and/or aprotic N-bases. Most of the compounds IV and V are new; the latter are, above all, valuable heat transfer fluids, lubricating oils or intermediates for the preparation of other F-organic compounds.

Abstract: A perfluorocarbonyl compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,R'.sub.f is perfluoroalkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,R is fluorine, chlorine, perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or is alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, andn is 0 to 10.

Abstract: A fluorosulfatoperfluoroalkanesulfonic acid halide of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is F or perfluoroalkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms, X is Cl or F, and n is a number from 0 to 7.

Abstract: Substantially non-crosslinked fluorocarbon polymers containing carboxyl groups are prepared starting from non-crosslinked and in some cases new, fluorocarbon polymers in which the linear macromolecules carry side chains containing the end group --CHFX (X is F or CF.sub.3). The starting polymers are first reacted with peroxodisulfuryl difluoride FSO.sub.2 O--OSO.sub.2 F to give the corresponding fluorosulfato derivatives containing the side chain end groups. ##STR1## In the event that X is F, these derivaties are then converted into the corresponding carboalkoxy derivatives by means of an alcohol, the fluorosulfato group being split off, and these carboalkoxy derivatives are then converted by saponification into the products containing the free carboxyl groups; the fluorosulfato derivatives can also be hydrolyzed with water, if appropriate in the presence of an inert solvent and/or bases, to give, without further treatment, the products containing the free carboxyl groups.

Abstract: Omega-fluorosulfato-perfluoro-(2-methyl-alkan-3-ones) of the formula ##STR1## which are intermediates in the preparation of perfluoro-isopropylketocarboxylic acid fluorides from omega-hydro-perfluoro-(2-methyl-alkan-3-ones).

Abstract: A method for making alpha,omega-bis-fluorosulfatoperfluoroalkanes by reacting a perfluorinated alpha-olefin with peroxodisulfuryl difluoride in the liquid phase, and compounds of the formulaFSO.sub.2 -O-(CF.sub.2 -CF.sub.2).sub.n -O-SO.sub.2 F,useful as intermediates in making polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel .omega.-fluorosulfato-perfluorocarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which A denotes halogen, preferably Cl or F, and in particular F, or the group OR wherein R is alkyl, aryl or aralkyl with preferably up to 10 C atoms, in particular CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, m denotes a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8 and in particular from 1 to 6, and n denotes a number from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 4 and in particular 0 or 1, which are prepared by electrolysis of .omega.

Abstract: P-Benzoquinone diketals of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, preferably CH.sub.3, Cl or F. The diketals obtained may be converted into the corresponding p-quinones by acidic hydrolysis and are, consequently, valuable intermediates for the preparation of the latters as well as for the transformation into the corresponding hydroquinones, which in their turn may be used in known manner in photography, as stabilizers for monomers, as starting material for dyestuff preparation etc.