Abstract: The invention concerns a mechanism (1) for a window (2), which is displaceably guided along grooves (4) and mounted pivotably 180° and 360° around a horizontal bearing spindle (5) and which comprises means (6 and 7, respectively) for the guiding and locking, respectively, of the window (2). According to the invention, a single handle (10) or another lever is situated or coupleable in the frame (8) or casement (9) of the window is connected with said locking means (7) for the window (2) and/or is connectable with said guiding means (6) for the window (2), whereby the locking and guiding, respectively, of the window is arranged to be provided by said single handle (10) or lever.

Abstract: Transmitting and receiving arrangements and methods in a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) system having a plurality of modems and vectored transmission capability. A first part of an available frequency band is reserved for vectored DSL transmission and reception using modems operating in the first part of the frequency band. The remaining, second, part of the available frequency band is reserved for both vectored and non-vectored transmission using modems operating in the second part of the frequency band.

Abstract: Transmitting and receiving arrangements and methods in a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) system having a plurality of modems and vectored transmission capability. A first part of an available frequency band is reserved exclusively for vectored DSL transmission and reception using modems operating in the first part of the frequency band. The remaining, second, part of the available frequency band is reserved for both vectored and non-vectored transmission using modems operating in the second part of the frequency band.

Abstract: Transmitting and receiving arrangements and methods in a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) system having a plurality of modems and vectored transmission capability. A first part of an available frequency band is reserved for vectored DSL transmission and reception using modems operating in the first part of the frequency band. The remaining, second, part of the available frequency band is reserved for both vectored and non-vectored transmission using modems operating in the second part of the frequency band.

Abstract: The present invention relates to arrangements and methods in a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) system. The basic idea of the present invention is to reserve a first part of an available frequency band exclusively for vectored DSL transmission and reception. The remaining part of the available frequency band can then be used either for only standard non-vectored transmission or for both for vectored DSL and for standard non-vectored DSL transmission. Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to get the full benefit of vectored transmission, on at least the first part of the frequency band, even if the DSL vector system cannot handle all DSL modems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) at a window (2) that comprises a window pane (4) received in a window casement (3) with the casement (3) and the pane (4) receivable in a window frame (5), turnable 180° or more around a pivot bearing (8) and locked to the frame (5) by means of lock plungers (6, 7), which are receivable in guiding grooves (9, 10) in the casement (5). According to the invention, in each corner (A-D) of said frame (5), a control mechanism (11) is arranged for the regulation of the motion of said lock plungers (6, 7). A control (27) for the actuation of said lock plungers (6, 7) is arranged on the window (5) and the control mechanism (11) comprises a cam surface (14) that is co-operatable with a motion transfer part (19) for the lock plungers (6, 7). The window casement (3) is optionally openable at the top or bottom, turnable, angleable into the desired position as well as lockable by the actuation of controls (12 and 13, respectively; 27) therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vectoring chip unit in a DSL system connectable to a plurality of DSL ports of a DSL chip comprising means for receiving data from each of the plurality of DSL ports, means for performing pre-coding/cancellation in order to reduce crosstalk and means for transmitting a result of the precoding/cancellation to the respective DSL port. Preferably, a system is provided comprising a plurality of said vectoring chips, whereby each vectoring chip is adapted to handle pre-coding/cancellation of a predetermined frequency range and the frequency ranges of each vectoring chip are non-overlapping.

Abstract: The present invention relates to arrangements and methods in a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) system. The basic idea of the present invention is to reserve a first part of an available frequency band exclusively for vectored DSL transmission and reception. The remaining part of the available frequency band can then be used either for only standard non-vectored transmission or for both for vectored DSL and for standard non-vectored DSL transmission. Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to get the full benefit of vectored transmission, on at least the first part of the frequency band, even if the DSL vector system cannot handle all DSL modems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vectoring chip unit in a DSL system connectable to a plurality of DSL ports of a DSL chip comprising means for receiving data from each of the plurality of DSL ports, means for performing pre-coding/cancellation in order to reduce crosstalk and means for transmitting a result of the precoding/cancellation to the respective DSL port. Preferably, a system is provided comprising a plurality of said vectoring chips, whereby each vectoring chip is adapted to handle pre-coding/cancellation of a predetermined frequency range and the frequency ranges of each vectoring chip are non-overlapping.

Abstract: When delivering a broadband service, such as xDSL, without inband POTS, it is necessary to separate the analogue POTS signal and the xDSL signal from each other at both the CO (Central Office) and the CP (Customer's Premises). This can be achieved by using an active POTS splitter. The present invention incorporates test functionality for the line between the CP and the CO, or ONU (Optical Network Unit), in the POTS splitter. This enables two-sided measurements on the line, both during installation and during operation. The measurements are performed at the CO and upon request, or when the test device automatically sends a test message/signal. In this way there is no need for field technicians at the CP side. The POTS splitter can have a unique identity code that is transmitted to the CO each time a test is started, or on receipt of a request from the CO.

Abstract: A VDSL-modem which is divided into an analog part which is placed in an optical node and a digital part which is placed in a local station. The analog part of the VDSL-modem includes an A/D-converter and D/A-converter, a filter, an amplifier, a hybrid/balun, an adaptive noise attenuator, an optical interface, and possibly an echo canceller. The digital part of the modem includes an FFT/IFFT-processor, a synchronizer, an equalizer, an interleaving unit, an error correction unit, a protocol manager, and an optical interface. The VDSL-modem simplifies synchronization of the modem and reduces power consumption in the optical node. A multiplexor function in the optical node in addition is simpler because it need not manage a protocol.

Abstract: A multi-carrier transmission system has a plurality of transceivers, each having a receiver and a transmitter. Data is transmitted between the transceivers by modulating the data onto a multiplicity of carrier waves in the form of multi-bit symbols, wherein each carrier wave constitutes a channel, and wherein the number of bits per symbol (the bit loading), varies between channels and, within a channel, with time, so that each channel has associated therewith a bit loading parameter.

Abstract: A RFI canceller, for use in a subscriber line system using multi-carrier modulation, measures a RFI disturbance in carriers falling within a band of frequencies causing the RFI. The RFI ingress into carriers outside the band of frequencies is estimated, and an error correcting signal derived from the estimation of the RFI ingress is subtracted from a received signal. The subscriber line system may be a VDSL system and the multi-carrier modulation may be DMT. The RFI canceller includes a demodulator for demodulating an incoming data stream to provide a first parallel data stream. A parallel to serial convertor converts the first parallel data stream to a first serial data stream. A digital to analogue convertor converts the first serial data stream to a first analogue signal. An analogue RFI canceller circuit combines the analogue signal with an analogue error correcting signal, to produce a second analogue signal.

Abstract: An arrangement for synchronization of nodes in VDSL-systems, or more exactly, synchronization of optical VDSL-nodes which share a common part of a cable in the access network between subscribers and a local station. A time synchronization is provided towards an external system, for instance GPS, which gives a time reference by which the different nodes can be synchronized. The synchronization reduces the near end cross-talk between the VDSL-systems in the different nodes. Preferably, each respective node includes a receiver for a synchronization signal and an internal oscillator with high stability to deliver a stable clock signal.

Abstract: A mechanism for achieving frame synchronization in the frequency domain. In order to synchronize a receiver with a transmitter, on signal acquisition, the interval in which orthogonality exists is determined. Once this has been achieved, an argument function is calculated from the received frame. This argument function can then be used to improve the synchronization. This system is particularly suitable for use in ADSL and VDSL modems which can be used to give broad band access over copper networks. It is also relevant to broad band transmission in mobile and semi-mobile systems for transmission over radio channels.

Abstract: A device for turnable windows including a frame having a first side face and a second side face, each of the side faces of the frame including a longitudinal groove; a casement having a first edge side face and a second edge side face, the casement being pivotally mounted within the frame by pivots positioned at mid-points of the casement and a link-arm mechanism extending between a respective pivot and the frame, each of the first edge side face and the second edge side face including a first guide bushing and a second guide bushing. The first and second guide bushings of each of the edge side faces travel in a respective one of the grooves. A rotatable lever simultaneously extends or retracts one of the pair of first guide bushings or the pair of second guide bushings into or out of engagement with their respective grooves.

Abstract: A transmission system using nQAM. A control channel is superimposed on a nQAM data channel. It is desirable to separate control channel data from user data without using a higher level protocol layer. In multi-carrier systems with variable bit-loading it is particularly desirable that the control channel data be separable from user data when the value of n. that is the bit-loading, or constellation identifier are unknown. Binary data is transmitted using nQAM modulation. The binary data includes both user data and control data. This means that a control channel is superimposed on a user data channel within the same nQAM constellation. Separation of the control data is facilitated by arranging control data points to have either a unique phase or unique amplitude values. These unique values are not employed for user data points.

Abstract: A multi-carrier transmission system using orthogonal carriers with high order QAM constellations for the transmission of multiple bits per carrier and symbol. Such systems place high demands on the synchronization of the receiver with the transmitter. The maximum permitted deviation from exact synchronization is usually a small fraction of a sampling interval. A reserve carrier, the pilot carrier, which is given a fixed phase, is usually used as the reference to achieve this high accuracy. The receiver sampling clock oscillator is phase locked to the pilot carrier. It is therefore necessary to estimate the phase of the pilot carrier. Using a bandpass filter to recover the pilot carrier, regardless of the frame structure of the DMT signal, does not eliminate the influence of neighboring carriers on the pilot carrier.

Abstract: A multi-carrier transmission system. A received multi-carrier signal is sampled and digitized before FFT processing. Multi-carrier signals consist of many narrow band carrier waves which convey data via a wide band channel. The amplitude distribution of the sum of all the individual carriers is Gaussian. This means that high amplitudes occur with low probability. At the present time, analog to digital converters have a limited dynamic range. It is therefore normal practice to provide a compromise between cutting and quantization noise. The adverse affects of a course quantization have to be balanced between signal distortions caused by the loss of the low probability high amplitude signals.

Abstract: A multi-carrier transmission system such as a DMT system. Channel information is transmitted between two transceivers using a plurality of sub-carriers modulated with symbols, each of which represents a multiplicity of bits. Each of the transceivers includes a receiver and a transmitter in which a fixed maximum value was determined for the number of bits for each symbol and in which the system is adapted to determine the bit capacity per symbol of each of the plurality of sub-carriers and to increase the number of bits represented by a symbol transmitted over those sub-carriers having a capacity less than a fixed maximum value to the maximum value by the addition of channel coding bits. The fixed maximum value for the number of bits for each symbol may be determined on the basis of the bit capacity of that one of the sub-carriers having the highest theoretical bit capacity may be at least as large as the theoretical bit capacity.