Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the retroreflectivity of a surface. The apparatus comprises a light source for illuminating an area of said surface at an incident angle relative to the surface; a detector for detecting light reflected back from the surface at an observation angle relative to the surface; a signal processing unit adapted to receive a detector signal from the detector and to determine, from at least the received detector signal, a measure of retro reflectivity of the surface; a range finder for measuring a distance between the apparatus and the illuminated area. The signal processing unit is further adapted to adjust the measure of retroreflectivity responsive to the measured distance.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the retroreflectivity of a surface. The apparatus comprises a light source for illuminating an area of said surface at an incident angle relative to the surface; a detector for detecting light reflected back from the surface at an observation angle relative to the surface; a signal processing unit adapted to receive a detector signal from the detector and to determine, from at least the received detector signal, a measure of retro reflectivity of the surface; a range finder for measuring a distance between the apparatus and the illuminated area. The signal processing unit is further adapted to adjust the measure of retroreflectivity responsive to the measured distance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring light reflections of an object, comprising a light-source illumination-observation assembly, the assembly comprising: (A) an illumination unit comprising an illumination light source and illumination aperture stop being arranged to provide a confined luminous field, an illumination field stop (307) adapted to provide an illumination beam (305) of light from said confined luminous field, an collimating optical element (309) adapted to collimate said illumination beam and to provide an illumination field (313) on an object; (B) an observation unit comprising: at least one observation field stop adapted to provide an observation beam (306) comprising a ray boundary, at least one focusing optical element (309) adapted to focus said observation beam, an observation light receiver; and (C) at least one common optical element (309) arranged so that said illumination beam and said observation beam form an overlap therein; and (D) a unit separation stop (310) adapted to stop light

Abstract: An apparatus and devices for measuring fluorescence lifetimes of fluorescence sensors for one or more analytes, the apparatus comprising (c) one or more reference systems (3,6,7), said reference systems each comprising one or more reference light sources (3) and being adapted to receive one or more excitation signals (1a), to produce reference optical signals (6b) in response thereto, and to produce one or more electrical reference output signals (7b) in response to one or more excitation signals (1a); and (d) or more phase detectors (10), said phase detections being adapted to detect one or more delays of said one or more electrical output signals of said one or more fluorescence sensor systems and said one or more reference systems, and to produce one or more phase output signals; and a method of measuring concentration of one or more analytes using such apparatus and/or devices.

Abstract: An apparatus and devices for measuring fluorescence lifetimes of fluorescence sensors for one or more analytes, the apparatus comprising (c) one or more reference systems (3,6,7), said reference systems each comprising one or more reference light sources (3) and being adapted to receive one or more excitation signals (1a), to produce reference optical signals (6b) in response thereto, and to produce one or more electrical reference output signals (7b) in response to one or more excitation signals (1a); and (d) or more phase detectors (10), said phase detections being adapted to detect one or more delays of said one or more electrical output signals of said one or more fluorescence sensor systems and said one or more reference systems, and to produce one or more phase output signals; and a method of measuring concentration of one or more analytes using such apparatus and/or devices.