Abstract: A navigation system may estimate a cruising range of a vehicle by performing a road network search. Digital map data that includes a set of road segments, where each road segment in the set can be associated with a hierarchy class and an elevation, may be retrieved. A road segment-specific weighting factor can be calculated for the road segments. The weighting factor can be calculated dependent on a distance of the specific road segment to a current location of the vehicle and on the elevation of the specific road segment. The road segments are selectively discarded by the navigation system based on the weighting factor and the associated hierarchy class to create a selected set of road segments. The road network search expands route links for the selected set of road segments based on an associated estimated energy consumption of the vehicle travelling along the route links.

Abstract: A vehicle navigation system having a database configured to store map data. The database includes links corresponding to road segments and attributes associated with the links. The map data includes at least some links associated with a curvature attribute. A mean absolute curvature ( ?) is stored for the curvature attribute for corresponding links. The mean absolute curvature ( ?) may be determined from a normalized sum or integral of absolute curvature values along the road segment corresponding to the link. The system includes a processing unit configured to estimate an energy consumption of the vehicle for a link using the curvature attribute retrieved from the database for the link.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method of estimating an ability of a vehicle to reach a target road segment, comprising retrieving road segment data for road segments containing previously generated route information for routes connecting the road segments, the route information parameterizing costs associated for travelling along the respective route); and establishing first road segment data for the target road segment indicating a gateway road segment and indicating route information for a successive route from the gateway road segment to the target road segment. The method further comprises, based on the route information of the successive route, determining first costs for travelling along the successive route, and establishing, based on the indicated gateway road segment, second road segment data for the current road segment, the second road segment data indicating route information for an initial route from the current road segment to the gateway road segment.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method of estimating an ability of a vehicle to reach a target road segment, comprising retrieving road segment data for road segments containing previously generated route information for routes connecting the road segments, the route information parameterizing costs associated for travelling along the respective route); and establishing first road segment data for the target road segment indicating a gateway road segment and indicating route information for a successive route from the gateway road segment to the target road segment. The method further comprises, based on the route information of the successive route, determining first costs for travelling along the successive route, and establishing, based on the indicated gateway road segment, second road segment data for the current road segment, the second road segment data indicating route information for an initial route from the current road segment to the gateway road segment.

Abstract: A vehicle navigation system having a database configured to store map data. The database includes links corresponding to road segments and attributes associated with the links. The map data includes at least some links associated with a curvature attribute. A mean absolute curvature ( ?) is stored for the curvature attribute for corresponding links. The mean absolute curvature ( ?) may be determined from a normalized sum or integral of absolute curvature values along the road segment corresponding to the link. The system includes a processing unit configured to estimate an energy consumption of the vehicle for a link using the curvature attribute retrieved from the database for the link.

Abstract: An unburnt refractory mass, which can be in the form of a brick, for use in vessels employed in metallurgical refining consisting essentially of chromium-ore, sintered magnesia and a carbon-containing binder, said mass consisting essentially of:75 to 95% by weight chromium ore having a Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 content of at least 30% by weight;0 to 19% sintered magnesia poor in iron content; and2 to 7% hard pitch combined with 1.5 to 5% carbon so as to provide an overall residual carbon of 3 to 6%.

Abstract: Fireproof stamping mass containing pyrophillite, silicon carbide, plastic clay, quarzite, a carbonaceous bonding agent and water.