Abstract: Fatty acids, esters of fatty acids and naturally occurring triglycerides are continuously hydrogenated to fatty alcohols in a fixed-bed reactor in the presence of hydrogen in excess and hydrogenation catalysts under static pressures of 200 to 300 bar and at temperatures of 80 to 150° C. The liquid product is cooled and the excess hydrogen is returned to the reactor entrance by a gas circulation pump as a recycle gas after separation of the liquid product. The expense involved in cooling and reheating the recycle gas is eliminated without any reduction in the quality of the fatty alcohol produced providing the recycle gas is returned to the reactor entrance without reheating. The fatty alcohol produced contains a minimum amount of diol.

Abstract: Naturally occurring fats, oils and fatty derivatives are continuously hydrogenated to fatty alcohols in a fixed-bed reactor in the presence of hydrogen in excess and hydrogenation catalysts under static pressures of 50 to 300 bar and at temperatures of 160 to 320° C. The liquid product is cooled and the excess hydrogen is returned to the reactor entrance by a gas circulation pump as a recycle gas after separation of the liquid product. The expense involved in cooling and reheating the recycle gas is eliminated without any reduction in the quality of the fatty alcohol produced providing the recycle gas is returned to the reactor entrance without reheating and the hydrogenation reaction is carried out under static pressures of at least 200 bar.

Abstract: Oxidic catalysts containing 20 to 25% by weight of aluminum and 40 to 50% by weight of zinc which are suitable for the production of unsaturated fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms by hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid lower alkyl esters or unsaturated fatty acid glycerides are disclosed. A process for the production of the oxidic aluminum/zinc catalysts is also disclosed.

Abstract: Oxidic catalysts containing 20 to 25% by weight of aluminum and 40 to 50% by weight of zinc which are suitable for the production of unsaturated fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms by hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid lower alkyl esters or unsaturated fatty acid glycerides are disclosed. A process for the production of the oxidic aluminum/zinc catalysts is also disclosed.

Abstract: Fatty alcohols of the formula IR.sup.1 OH (I)wherein R.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms are made by an improvement in the process which comprises hydrogenating a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester or a combination thereof to form a fatty alcohol. The improvement comprises removing a head fraction from the fatty acid, the fatty acid methyl ester or the fatty alcohol in such a quantity that the fatty alcohol has an iodine value of from about 20 to about 110 and less than about 4.5% by weight of conjugated compounds.

Abstract: Fatty alcohol mixtures R.sub.mix --OH of natural and, in particular, purely vegetable origin and ethoxylates thereof showing improved low-temperature behavior and corresponding to the general formula R.sub.mix --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, in which x is a number of 2 to 10 and R.sub.mix represents selected mixtures of saturated and olefinically unsaturated fatty alcohol hydrocarbon radicals in the C 6-20 or C 12-20 ranges correspond to specification I for the chain length range R.sub.mix --=6-20 and to specification II for the chain length range R.sub.mix --=C 12-20:______________________________________ Specification I II structurally analogous to % by weight ______________________________________ C 6 caproic acid 0.1-0.6 -- C 8 caprylic acid 2.5-10 -- C 10 capric acid 2.5-14 -- C 12 lauric acid 37-52 39-69 C 14 myristic acid 10-20 10-27 C 16 palmitic acid 6-10 6-14 C 18 stearic acid 1-5 1-7 C 18' oleic acid 5-23 6-31 C 18" linoleic acid 1-4 1-6 C 18"' linolenic acid 0.1-1 0.1-2 C 20 arachic acid 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the catalytic hydrogenation of liquid saturated and unsaturated C.sub.6-24 fatty acid methyl esters for the production of saturated fatty alcohols and methanol in the presence of gaseous hydrogen and hydrogenation catalysts under pressures of 50 to 300 bar and at temperatures in the range from 160.degree. to 250.degree. C., characterized in that the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in a tube bundle reactor in which isothermal conditions are established by a cooling or heating fluid, the liquid phase and gas phase being passed together as a co-current trickle phase over catalyst packings in the individual tubes of the reactor without any back-mixing, and in that the load per unit volume of the reaction is between 0.2 and 2.5 liters starting material per liter reactor volume per hour and the load per unit area of each individual tube of the reactor is between 1.5 and 24 m.sup.3 starting material per m.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of catalyst materials stabilized in the active state, comprising activating the catalyst starting materials in a reducing gas atmosphere, impregnating the activated catalysts with the melt of a solid inert to the active catlayst, and solidifying the melt impregnation by cooling. The particulate catalyst starting material is passed under the reaction conditions of the activation stage through a reaction zone filled with the reducing gas atmosphere which is in direct contact with the melt of the impregnating solid; the activated catalyst material is introduced into this melt; subsequently removed therefrom; and the molten solid left to solidify. If desired, the impregnated catalyst material may be mechanically size-reduced.

Abstract: Water-soluble substituted and unsubstituted triamino C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy pyrimidines are effective dyes for hair when oxidized in conjunction with a coupling agent. The oxidation can be performed at alkaline pH at room temperature, with air, and provides long-lasting and light-fast dyeings over a broad color range.

Abstract: Water-soluble substituted and unsubstituted triamino pyrimidinones are effective dyes for hair when oxidized in conjunction with a coupling agent. The oxidation can be performed at an alkaline pH at room temperature with air, and provides long-lasting and light-fast dyeings over a broad color range.