Abstract: Diols of 3 to 10 carbon atoms are catalytically dehydrogenated over a catalyst containing copper and chromium in a first stage in which the diols are passed in the liquid phase over the catalyst, and subsequently the reaction product obtained is passed in the gas phase over the catalyst.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous production of alkylesters of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids by reacting olefins with carbon monoxide and alkanol in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a cobalt compound and a promoter selected from the group consisting of pyridine, non-ortho-substituted alkylpyridines and mixtures at elevated pressure and elevated temperature, the reaction based on olefins having at least 8 C atoms and being carried out in a reactor wherein the flow characteristic is adjusted so that tubular flow without back-mixing predominates, and wherein the raw materials are supplied in the desired ratios at the input side of the reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide in the presence of an amine and an organic solvent. The steps of the process are carried out, wherein:(1) carbon dioxide is introduced into a mixture containing essentially(1.1) an aqueous sodium chloride solution,(1.2) a tertiary amine, and(1.3) a polar, organic solvent;(2) the aqueous and organic phases so obtained are separated;(3) the aqueous phase freed from the separated sodium bicarbonate following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization stage);(4) the organic phase (s) (is) are separated from the polar organic solvent and possibly of water to the widest possible extent and/or required; and(5) the residue containing a non-polar solvent is heated and the hydrogen chloride is removed.

Abstract: The processing of liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon residues, which may contain solids and which form viscous to solid deposits during the separation of readily boiling components, into(1) distillable organic components,(2) hydrogen chloride, and(3) solid matter with a low chlorine content,is improved by gently concentrating the residues in a first step and, in a second step, decomposing the residues at temperatures of about 200.degree.-400.degree. C., preferably 270.degree.-330.degree. C., with a continuous separation of the vapor phase components from the solid components.