Abstract: Liquid crystal mixture comprising one or several compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, M1, M2, X, A, and m are defined herein.

Abstract: Liquid crystal mixture comprising one or several compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, M1, M2, X, A, and m are defined herein.

Abstract: The liquid-crystal switching or display device comprises a chiral smectic liquid-crystal mixture, where the ratio ?/? of the angle between the rubbing direction and the smectic layer normal to the tilt angle in the liquid-crystal mixture is at least 0.41. Preferably, the liquid-crystal mixture has the phase sequence I-N-C and the tilt angle ? at 25° C. is between 19° and 39°.

Abstract: Liquid crystal mixture comprising one or several compounds of formula (I) (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, M1, M2, X, A, and m are defined herein.

Abstract: Liquid crystal mixture comprising compounds of formula (I) wherein R1: is H or a linear or branched alkyl group or branched alkenyl group R2: stands for a) H or F b) a linear or branched alkyl group or a linear or branched alkenyl group c) a radical wherein R3, R4, R5, R6: are an alkyl group M1, M2: represent independently from another a single bond, —OC(?O), —C(?O)O—, —OCH2—, —NH— A: is a) a linear or branched alkan-?,?-diylgroup or alkene-?,?-diyl group b) the group —C(?Y)— wherein Y is CH-Z with Z being phenylen-1,4-diyl, optionally substituted by one to three halogenatoms, alkyl or alkyloxy groups, c) the group —CHY wherein Y is CH2-Z with Z being phenylen-1,4-diyl, optionally substituted by one to three halogenatoms, alkyl or alkyloxy groups d) a group wherein p, q are 0, 1 or 2; M3 is a single bond or —OC(?O)—, —C(?O)O—, —OCH2—, —CH2O—, —C?C—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2CH2— the radicals are phenylen-1,4-diyl, X is H, OH, a linear or branched alkyl or alkyloxy group, m: is 0 or 1 X and M1-(A

Abstract: A smectic liquid crystal mixture comprising a smectic liquid crystal base mixture and at least one dopant, which is either a complex ligand or an organic material, in a concentration of 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline (dihydro)phenanthrene derivatives of the formula I in which R, G, A1, Z1, m, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and Y are as defined in claim 1, and to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one (dihydro)phenanthrene derivative of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

Abstract: The active-matrix display contains a chiral smectic liquid-crystal mixture comprising at least one compound of the formula (I) R1—(A1—M1)a—(A2—M2)b—A3—X—B1—(B2)c—R2  (I). where the symbols are as defined in the description.

Abstract: Liquid crystal mixture comprising one or several compounds of formula (I) wherein R1: is H or a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 20 or a linear or branched alkenyl group of 2 to 20 C atoms, wherein in either case optionally one —CH2— group being replaced by cyclohexylen-1,4-diyl, or one or two —CH2— groups optionally being replaced by —O—, if non-adjacent to N, or by —C(═O)—, —Si(CH3)2—; and/or one or more H of the alkyl or alkenyl group optionally being replaced by F or CH3 R2: stands for a) H or F b.

Abstract: The monostable ferroelectric active matrix display contains a liquid crystal layer in from of a monodomain with an unambiguously defined direction of the normal z to the layer of the smC* phase and is characterized by the fact that the normal z to the layer and the preferential direction n of the nematic or cholesteric phase (N* phase) form an angle of more than 5°.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline (dihydro)phenanthrene derivatives of the formula I 1

Abstract: The monostable ferroelectric active matrix display comprises a liquid-crystal layer in the form of a monodomain having an unambiguously defined direction of the layer normal z of the smC* phase, the liquid-crystal layer preferably having a chevron C-1, chevron C-2 or bookshelf geometry.

Abstract: A smectic liquid crystal mixture comprising a smectic liquid crystal base mixture and at least one dopant, which is either a complex ligand or an organic material, in a concentration of 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent.

Abstract: Ferroelectric liquid-crystal display having a broad operating temperature range. A ferroelectric liquid-crystal display containing a ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixture which is addressed with voltage pulses≧0.9 ms. The display according to the invention is particularly suitable for applications in which the length of the response time is not critical. Such displays can be operated with the same voltage over a broad temperature range; adjustment of the voltage as a function of temperature is not necessary. Examples of preferred applications are displays in chip cards, electronic price and display signs (shelf labels), PDAs (personal digital assistants) and pagers.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) R1—A—Z1  (I) in which: R1 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkenyl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, where, in each case, one (nonterminal) —CH2— group may also be replaced by —O— or —C(═O)O— and/or one or more H may be replaced by F A is phenanthrene-2,7-diyl or 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl Z1 is F, OCHxF3−x or CHxF3−x, where, in each case, x is 0, 1 or 2, OC2HzF5−z or C2HzF5−z, where, in each case, z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, CH═CF2 or Cl, with the proviso that 2-fluoro-7-methoxy-phenanthrene is excluded.

Abstract: An active matrix display comprises a chiral smectic liquid crystal mixture which has the phase sequence I—N*—SmC*, a spontaneous polarization in the operating temperature range of <40 nC/cm2 and a pitch of >10 &mgr;m at at least one temperature in the nematic or cholesteric phase and comprises at least one compound each from at least two of the substance classes (A), (B) and (C) and one or more compounds from substance class (D): (A): compounds comprising two rings which are directly linked to one another and are selected from phenylene-1,4-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl and pyridazine-2,5-diyl with the proviso that at least one of these rings is a nitrogen heterocycle; (B): compounds comprising three rings selected from phenylene-1,4-diyl, two of the rings being directly linked to one another and the third ring being linked to one of the other two rings via an —OC(═O)— or —C(═O)—group, with the proviso that at least one of the three rings is

Abstract: A ferroelectric active-matrix liquid-crystal display containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal which forms a ‘spontaneous bookshelf’ geometry.

Abstract: The present invention describes a chip card having a ferroelectric liquid-crystal display containing a ferroelectric liquid-crystal layer, in which the liquid-crystal layer consists of a mixture of low-molecular-weight (60 to 95% by weight) and polymeric or oligomeric liquid crystals.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I)

Abstract: Optically active 1,3-dioxolane derivatives which carry a mesogenic radical in the 4-position and have the general formula (I) ##STR1## are suitable for use as doping agents in liquid-crystal mixtures--in particular ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixtures. The symbols in the general formula have the following meanings:R.sup.1 is composed analogously to the part of the general formula on the right-hand side of X or is an alkyl or alkylene radical which can be substituted,R.sup.2, R.sub.3 and R.sup.4 are H or alkyl (R.sup.4 is also alkenyl) which can also be substituted [R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, together with the C(2) of the dioxolane ring are also a cycloaliphatic radical or a keto group], J, l and n are zero, 1 or 2 and k and m are zero or 1, subject to the proviso that, if k is zero n is zero and if n is zero m is zero and 1.ltoreq.J+l+n.ltoreq.3,--A.sup.1, --A.sup.2 and --A.sup.3 are an aromatic, heterocyclic or aliphatic ring system, --M.sup.1 and --M.sup.2 are --CO--O, --0--CO, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, --CH.dbd.