Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for reducing the volume or pressure of a fluid which is driven through an opening (3, 17) by moving surfaces. According to said method, the opening (3, 17) is divided in at least two flow channels (5, 6, 14) by means of one or more flexible separation members (4). Each separation member (4) is attached at its rear end relatively to the direction of displacement of said surfaces, and its front finishing end extends inside said opening (3, 17). The inventive method can be advantageously implemented during production and further transformation of strip-shaped materials (paper, cardboard strips, plastic material sheets) for bringing the strip which moves on an element (cylinder, roll, rigid guiding element, winding reel) into close contact with said element.

Abstract: Known doctor rods (1) used as dosing elements in coating devices have a cylindrical steel base body on whose cover surface a chromium or ceramic layer of hard material is applied. According to the invention, the cracks and craters in the layer of hard material are closed by a joint which is produced by means of an ion implantation process, by the hard material reacting with the ions applied in a plasma. The improved doctor rods have a longer service life than known doctor rods.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition, which contains a polymeric binder, a compound which can be polymerized by free radicals and has at least one terminal ethylenic double bond and a photoinitiator combination comprising an N-heterocyclic compound, a thioxanthone derivative and a dialkylamino compound, is highly photosensitive and produces photoresist stencils with vertical side walls.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition, which contains a polymeric binder, a compound which can be polymerized by free radicals and has at least one terminal ethylenic double bond and a photoinitiator combination comprising an N-heterocyclic compound, a thioxanthone derivative and a dialkylamino compound, is highly photosensitive and produces photoresist stencils with vertical side walls.

Abstract: In a web-coating apparatus a web moving continuously in a travel direction passes in a contact arc partially around a cylindrical surface of a backing roller centered on an axis. An applicator system has an applicator roller extending parallel to the backing roller, having a smooth cylindrical outer surface, and forming a gap with the backing roller. The web passes through the gap. A substantially stationary support extends generally parallel to the backing roll axis across a full width of the web and a pusher element limitedly movable generally radially toward and away from the backing-roller axis on the support bears radially of the backing-roller axis on the applicator roller along the full width of the web. An inflatable hose between the pusher element and the support along the full width of the web urges the element and applicator roller toward the backing roller. A coating liquid is supplied to the gap across the full width of the web.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive mixture is described comprising a compound which produces a strong acid under the action of actinic radiation, a binder which is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents and aqueous-alkaline solutions, and a compound of either of formulae I and II ##STR1## wherein R denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,X denotes a hydrogen or halogen atom or a hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxy or aryl group, andn denotes zero or a number from 1 to 3.The mixture is suitable for the production of printing plates and photoresists and is distinguished by improved high flexibility along with good overdevelopment resistance.

Abstract: A positive-working radiation-sensitive composition is described, which comprises a binder which is insoluble in water and soluble or swellable in organic solvents and in aqueous-alkaline solutions, a compound which forms a strong acid upon irradiation, and a compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl group which may be substituted andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and denote alkyl groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.The composition is suitable for use in the production of radiation-sensitive recording materials such as printing plates or photoresists and is characterized by increased flexibility and good overdevelopment resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein L=H or CO--(R.sup.1).sub.n (CX.sub.3).sub.m, M=alkylene, alkenylene, Q=S, Se, O, dialkylmethylene, alken-1,2-ylene, 1,2-phenylene or N-R, with M+Q together forming 3 or 4 ring members, R=alkyl, aralkyl or alkoxyalkyl, R.sup.1 is an aromatic group and X=Cl, Br or I, with n=O and m=1 or n=1 and m=1 or 2. The compounds, on exposure, eliminate HX and form free radicals and are therefore highly effective as acid donors and free radical initiators for photochemical processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for continuously applying a uniform coating to a material web (5), in particular a paper or cardboard web, travelling over a back roller (6), to which the coating material is applied at low pressure by means of a coating roller (2) and with guidance by a guide plate (8) into the coating gap (7) formed by the back roller and the coating roller, whereupon the coating material is metered by a metering member (15) and in the region of a layer close to the material web is partly drained in order to form a barrier layer and final metering takes place in a final metering device (23) by means of a final metering member (24) with low contact pressure. Due to a three-stage method of this type and the apparatus suitable therefore, even at comparatively high material web speeds, constant good coating qualities can even be achieved with extremely low coating weights.

Abstract: A positive-working radiation-sensitive coating solution is disclosed which contains a radiation-sensitive compound, e.g., a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide, or a radiation-sensitive combination of compounds, e.g., a compound with at least one C-O-C bond which can be split by acid and a compound which upon radiation forms a strong acid, and at least one organic solvent which comprises a mono-C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl ether of 1,2-propanediol. The coating solution is less toxic and results in a better layer leveling than known positive-working photoresist solutions.

Abstract: A positive-working radiation-sensitive mixture is described that contains (a) a radiation-sensitive compound which forms a strong acid under the action of actinic radiation, (b) a compound with at least one C--O--C bond cleavable by acid, (c) a binder which is insoluble in water but soluble in aqueous-alkaline solutions, and (d) a polymethine dye. The polymethine dyes used are hemioxonol dyes or symmetrical cyanine dyes. In the light-sensitive mixture, these dyes effect high sensitization and high image sharpness contrast which, in addition, is substantially irreversible.

Abstract: A positive-working radiation-sensitive coating solution is disclosed which contains a radiation-sensitive compound, e.g., a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide, or a radiation-sensitive combination of compounds, e.g., a compound with at least one C--O--C bond which can be split by acid and a compound which upon radiation forms a strong acid, and at least one organic solvent which comprises a mono-C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl ether of 1,2-propanediol. The coating solution is less toxic and results in a better layer leveling than known positive-working photoresist solutions.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition is disclosed which comprises (a) a polymeric binder, (b) a polymerizable compound, and (c) a photoinitiator comprised of a compound according to formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, alkoxy group, or dialkylamino group,R.sup.1 ' is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl groupR.sup.2 is an alkyl group or an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, or, if R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each denote an alkyl moiety,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a five- or six-membered ring, andR.sup.3 denotes a tertiary amino group.The compounds are distinguished by their good solubility and high activity in the short-wave visible region of the spectrum.

Abstract: A positive-working radiation-sensitive mixture is described which is composed of a compound having at least one C--O--C bond which can be split by acid, a compound which forms a strong acid when irradiated, a binder which is insoluble in water and soluble in aqueous-alkaline solutions, and a resin having solubility properties which differ from those of the binder and which is selected from (1) a polyurethane resin obtained from an organic isocyanate and a polymer which contains hydroxyl groups, (2) a polyvinyl alkyl ether, (3) an alkyl acrylate polymer, or (4) a hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated derivative of colophony. As a result of the resin additives, photoresist layers are obtained which have good adhesion to the support, good flexibility, good latitude in developing and good resolution.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing relief images, in which a light-sensitive material composed of a support and a light-sensitive layer which contains as essential constituents(a) a compound which has at least one C-O-C bond which is cleavable by acid,(b) a compound which forms a strong acid on irradiation and(c) a binder which is insoluble in water and soluble in aqueous-alkaline solutions is imagewise irradiated, warmed to an elevated temperature, cooled down and then irradiated over its entire area, whereafter those parts of the layer which have not been imagewise irradiated are then washed out by developing. The process makes it possible to prepare positive or negative copies by means of the same light-sensitive material in a simple way.

Abstract: A light-sensitive mixture is described which contains a water-insoluble resinous binder, which is soluble or swellable in aqueous-alkaline solutions, and a novel 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-sulfonic acid ester of a dihydroxyacylophenone or of a dihydroxybenzoic acid ester of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkoxy radical, the carbon chain of which can be interrupted by ether oxygen atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having 1-3 carbon atoms, or a chlorine or bromine atom and D is a 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-sulfonyl radical. The copying materials prepared from this mixture are particularly suitable for the preparation of printing plates which give long print runs and have a high light sensitivity. The compounds of the formula I are distinguished by good solubility in customary coating solvents.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in the process for the preparation of screen printing stencils by an electroplating method, which comprises coating a metallic matrix, provided in the manner of a screen with dots of insulating material, with a photoresist layer, exposing the photoresist layer imagewise and developing it by washing out, and rendering those areas of the photoresist layer which have remained in place electrically conductive in the course of imaging, electrodepositing metal up to a desired height on the conductive image stencil and on the matrix ridges surrounding the insulating screen dots, and removing the patterned screen printing stencil thus obtained from the matrix, the improvement which comprises rendering the photoresist layer conductive only on its surface and before developing.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive mixture is described which contains (a) a compound which forms an acid under the action of actinic radiation, and (b) a polymeric compound having recurrent orthocarboxylic acid ester groupings, and which comprises a polymeric compound which is built up from recurrent units of the formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and denote hydrogen atoms or alkyl or aryl groups, R.sup.4 denotes an alkylene group or --if a.sub.1 =a.sub.2 =1-- also an alkyleneoxy group, it being possible for the alkylene groups to be interrupted by hetero-atoms or by unsaturated or cyclic groups, R.sup.6 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a.sub.1 and a.sub.2 each denote, 0, 1 or 2, a.sub.1 +a.sub.2 denotes 1 or 2 and m denotes a number from 3 to 200. The mixtures are suitable for the production of reprographic materials, in particular printing plates, of high photosensitivity.

Abstract: A positive-working light-sensitive mixture for the preparation of printing plates, in particular planographic printing plates, and photoresists is described, which comprises an alkali-soluble binder, preferably a novolak, and an o-naphthoquinone diazide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' are identical or different and represent hydrogen, chlorine or bromine atoms, alkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, the carbon chain of which can be interrupted by ether oxygen atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 16 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, n represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4 and D represents a 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-sulfonyl group.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a radiation-sensitive mixture containing (a) a compound which forms an acid under the influence of actinic radiation and (b) a compound which has at least one acid-cleavable bond and the solubility of which in a liquid developer is increased by the action of an acid, the improvement that the compound which is capable of being cleft by an acid contains at least one N-acyliminocarbonate group as the acid-cleavable group. The invention also relates to a process for producing relief images using the radiation-sensitive mixture.