Abstract: In a process for producing a metal plate in such a way that it can be joined up to form a chain, use is made of a casting or forging tool, which forms a base part and a sole part of the plate, a specific sole part from several sole parts being associated with the base plate. The tool comprises at least one part forming the base part of the plate and another part forming the sole part of the plate. The resulting plate has reception rings on one plate side and an equal number of ring notches on the other plate side and side guides on the plate underside and at least one engagement gap.

Abstract: The breaking tongs with a tong body (7) for receiving two tong parts (1, 1'), each pivotable about its own rotation center (2, 2'), and spaced from the rotation center the tongs are subdivided into a tong lever (3, 3') for the force action and a cutting lever (4, 4') for exerting the breaking force. The tong protuberances (12, 61, 63) are detachably mounted on the cutting levers. In the vicinity of the tong cutting edge (4, 4') separating blades (6, 6') can be provided for cutting reinforcements. The detachable tong protuberances (61, 63) can be detachably fixed in a protuberance bed (60), which is detachably arranged or shaped on to the cutting lever (4, 4'). A plurality of tong protuberances can form a working profile, which differs as regards the breaking action from another working profile formed from the same or a different number of tong protuberances.

Abstract: An intermediate ring includes an annular body with side walls from which cavities extend into the material of the body. The cavities from a web with radially extending web walls, which are inclined with respect to the ring axis. The web is radially relatively rigid, but axially resilient. As a result the intermediate ring retains its shape but can easily adapt to the different shapes of the gaps between the two tires of the wheel set.

Abstract: A shovel tooth for an earth-moving shovel includes a tooth holder having a hollow shell-like portion fixedly attached to the inner surface of a shovel blade, the shell having an end web extending along the edge of the blade and a projecting portion attached to the end web and extending beyond the blade edge. A tooth cap has a hollow interior dimensioned to receive and frictionally engage the projecting portion, the projecting portion and the tooth cap having aligned opening to receive a fastener such as a bolt. The projecting portion and the interior cavity of the tooth cap are symmetrical about a longitudinal axis of the projecting portion so that the cap can be removed and replaced in either of two positions separated by 180.degree. of cap rotation. The shell and the tooth cap are provided with reinforcing webs which are substantially aligned with each other in the assembled condition. The projecting portion and the cap cavity taper from the end web to the tip of the projecting portion.

Abstract: A shovel tooth includes a tooth holder having a front portion to receive a tooth cap, a rear portion having edges weldable to the inner surface of a shovel blade and a transverse web between the front and rear portions. A second rear portion, formed separately, is a hollow shell having edges weldable to the outer surface of the shovel and a front edge weldable to the web to permit the holder to be attached to blades of various thicknesses. The web can be concave and the front edges of the second rear portion convex to mate with the web. The blade can be notched.