Abstract: Measuring method and equipment for automatic control of forward and backward movements of a grinding wheel of a surface grinder. The upper surfaces of the workpieces are felt by means of a length measuring head mounted on the frame of the grinder during different successive passes of these pieces under the grinding wheel to obtain each time a measuring signal which substantially represents their actual size. A reference block of given thickness composed of one or several pieces is placed on the grinder table, in addition to the pieces to be machined and out of reach of the grinding wheel. The upper surface of this block is periodically felt with the measuring head to obtain a reference signal and the value of this signal is stored each time.

Abstract: Automatic calibration equipment for planar grinding machines comprises a measuring head (12) fixed to a table (4) of the associated grinding machine for measuring the distance between this table and the grinding wheel (6), and an electronic measuring and control apparatus (14) for receiving the output signal of the measuring head and producing signals controlling the forward and rearward movement of the grinding wheel. The measuring head comprises a pneumatic circuit with a first branch of very low internal volume provided with an inlet nozzle and a measurement outlet nozzle (48) oriented to blow towards the edge of the grinding wheel, a second branch provided with an inlet nozzle and a reference nozzle, means for connecting the inlet nozzles of these branches to an installation (18) delivering compressed air at regulated pressure, and a pressure-differential transducer with a semi-conducting element for detecting the difference between the pressures in the two branches.

Abstract: A bowl-mill gearing (14) which consists of an epicyclic gear (14b) and an intermediate gear (14a) composed of spur wheels (18, 20, 22, 24) with parallel axes. The driving shaft (26) of the intermediate gear (14a) is disposed parallel to the driven shaft (52) and with spacing from the mill axis (42). The driven wheel (24) of the intermediate gear (14a) means with a small intermediate wheel (22) which is mounted for rotation outside the annular gear case (20) of the bowl-mill gearing (14) and is disposed so that it projects through a cut-out (80) in the gear case (30) into the interior of the gear case. The dimensions of the intermediate wheel (22) and of the driven wheel (24) are selected so that the wall (34) of the annular gear case only has to be provided with a cut-out (80) which is less than an eighth of the circumference of the gear case as a result of which there is negligible weakening of the gear case.

Abstract: A ring gauge includes an entry zone followed by a measuring zone defined by a guide cylinder in which is installed an air jet measuring system. The entry zone includes a first region exhibiting an opening substantially larger than the opening of the guide cylinder then a second region including a spring support guide structure which defines a circle the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the guide cylinder opening, and finally a third tapered region having an entry diameter substantially greater than that of the guide cylinder opening and an exit diameter equal to that of the guide cylinder opening. The gauge is employed for checking the outer diameter of cylindrical parts which may penetrate therein without jamming.

Abstract: A thrust bearing arrangement in which individual thrust bearings are arranged in a plurality of stages. These bearings are connected to thrust-load adjustment devices (1st type with travel limitation, 2nd type without travel limitation) as a result of which the beginning of load-carrying by each bearing can be determined as a result of an adjustable initial tensioning.

Abstract: A vibration sensor, located on a chuck member for a workpiece and rotating therewith, detects the signal emitted at the instant a tool member contacts the workpiece. The vibration sensor produces an output signal to modulate a transmitter and a receiver fastened to the machine tool frame receives the information broadcast by the transmitter. The information is processed to produce a signal which reduces the speed of a motor controlling the advance of the tool member. The speed of the tool member is thus reduced as soon as the tool member contacts the workpiece. The arrangement is particularly suited to machines for grinding interior diameters and prevents damage following accidental collision of the workpiece and tool member.

Abstract: The advance of a tool toward a workpiece is controlled with two acoustic transducers, one acting as a transmitter and the other as a receiver. The acoustic energy transmitted from the one to the other as the tool and the workpiece approach one another (this continuing until contact between the two elements) is detected and used to control a reduction in the speed of approach. The acoustic energy may be transmitted at a predetermined frequency, modulated or characterized in another manner.

Abstract: The measuring head intended for measuring diameters of cylindrical parts, e.g. parts being ground to diameter, comprises two measuring projections which are easily adjustable when a change is made from one diameter to another diameter, while maintaining excellent precision whatever the diameter concerned and the distance which separates the measuring head from the part to be machined. For this purpose, each of the measuring projections is a crank comprising a pivoted arm and a cylindrical rod projecting from the arm and forming a measuring contact element. The cranks are secured to an upper block and a lower block, respectively. A pick-up measures the distance existing between the blocks. The cranks are implemented in such manner that the axes of the rods always remain parallel to each other whatever the angle of rotation or adjustment of each of the arms.

Abstract: A device for handling a cylindrical piece (2), equipped with means to measure its diameter comprises two arms (3, 4) provided to grip the piece. In at least one of the arms a dihedron is formed, in which the piece (2) is held, and a length measuring sensor (8) is mounted on the edge of the dihedron, in order to determine the distance from the surface of the piece to the edge, the said distance representing the diameter of the piece.

Abstract: Two grinding rolls are mounted at a roll carrier. Below the roll carrier a grinding bowl is rotatably mounted on an axial thrust bearing for rotation about a substantially vertical axis. Below the axial thrust bearing there is arranged a drive device for the grinding bowl. A speed reduction gear arrangement is disposed between the drive device and the grinding bowl and contains a substantially cylindrical housing. This housing supports the axial thrust bearing and itself is supported by a substantially ring-shaped flange at a stand or framework at which there is also supported the roll carrier. The flange is connected to the roll carrier by means of a plurality of, for instance, four tie rods.

Abstract: Two clutches are disposed between a driving shaft and a driven shaft, in particular a first synchronous clutch which automatically engages when the driven shaft overtakes the driving shaft and a second synchronous clutch which automatically engages when the driving shaft overtakes the driven shaft. As long as there is no external intervention the two clutches mutually protect one another against unintentional engagement. The clutch arrangement can only be put into a ready or enabled position by the action of an external force. From the ready position, the paired synchronous clutches can effect a torque transmitting connection between a driving shaft and a driven shaft when their rotational speeds are synchronous.

Abstract: An engageable toothed or jaw clutch is disposed in each of two parallel power transmission paths of a reduction gear unit. One of the clutches is a self-engaging main clutch having a synchronizing device and the other is a subsidiary clutch without a synchronizing device. The engageable clutch splines or gearing of each clutch are helically toothed and have substantially no clearance or play. Both clutches are interconnected by a converter or actuating mechanism with substantially no play. The converter or actuating mechanism translates the engagement motion of the main clutch into an engagement option of the subsidiary clutch.

Abstract: A pneumatic measuring device is disclosed which comprises a pneumatic circuit containing a first branch (15) equipped with an inlet nozzle (16), oppositely disposed measuring nozzles (17) and a second branch (19) equipped with an inlet nozzle (20) and a reference nozzle (21). A differential pressure transducer (22) having a semiconductor element enables the difference in pressure between the branches (15) and (19) to be measured and to supply through a terminal (23) a signal representing the dimensions measured opposite the nozzles (17). The pneumatic circuit system, with the pressure transducer, is included in the measuring spindle (12).

Abstract: A drive shaft is connected with one coupling half of a synchronizing tooth clutch and with a primary part of a fluid coupling. A driven shaft is connected with another clutch half of the tooth clutch and with a secondary part of the fluid coupling. The tooth clutch has a clutch star which is axially displaceably guided by a first straight tooth system at the one clutch half by continuous tooth mesh and can be engageable with a second straight tooth system provided at the second clutch half. Threadably connected with the second clutch half a is also connected by a ratchet with the clutch star and is conjointly axially displaceable therewith. The ratchet engages and causes a screw-like relative movement of the screw socket in relation to the second clutch half causing of the clutch star to engage, when the rotational speed of the first clutch half, in normal forward rotation, is about to fall below the rotational speed of the second clutch half.

Abstract: A gearing arrangement for a grinding apparatus, especially a bowl-type grinder or grinding mill, comprises a lower housing portion and an upper housing portion secured to the lower housing portion. At the upper housing portion there is rotatably mounted a support or mounting plate for a grinding bowl or receptacle. This support or mounting plate is mounted at the upper housing portion for rotational movement about a substantially vertical axis of rotation. The support or mounting plate is driven by angular gearing, for instance bevel gearing, and planetary gearing arranged in the lower housing portion. The planetary gearing contains an outer central gear which is arranged upon the lower housing portion as a part of the upper housing portion and is constructed as a support ring of an axial bearing for the support or mounting plate.

Abstract: Standard block comprising an element (L) kept in vibration by means of the motor (M). As soon as an object comes into mechanical contact with the measuring surface (C), the flexible-part (F) gives very slightly allowing the regulating screw (Vi) to disturb the free oscillations of the element (L). The detector (E) detects this disturbance and signals the moment of mechanical contact by means of the lamp (La) for example. The standard block allows precise measurements to be taken by announcing the moment of contact, without the measurement precision being influenced by the contact pressure.

Abstract: An automatically engageable jaw clutch having a toothed drive hub, a toothed power take-off hub, and a clutch star axially displaceable with respect to the power take-off hub. The clutch star is continuously connected with the drive hub for conjoint rotation by means of first teeth means formed thereat and has second teeth means which can be brought into engagement with the teeth of the power take-off shaft by axial shifting of the clutch star. A screw socket or sleeve which is connected by means of a pair of coarse-pitch threading with the power take-off hub, is only conjointly axially displaceable together with the clutch star and rotatable relative thereto. The screw socket is entrainable by the clutch star by means of a pawl blocking mechanism composed of a pawl and ratchet teeth, when the drive hub overrides the power take-off hub.

Abstract: A marine reversing gearing having a forward clutch which is coaxially arranged with respect to a drive shaft. A pinion of a first gearing stage or train can be coupled with the drive shaft by means of the forward clutch. Two mutually parallel gears of the first stage continuously mesh with the pinion of the first stage. A power take-off shaft can be driven by means of both gears of a second gearing stage or train. There is also provided a set of reversing gears composed of a number of reversing gears and at least one reverse clutch which is likewise coaxially arranged with regard to the drive shaft. The set of reversing gears can be coupled with the pinion of the first gearing stage by said at least one reverse clutch. For engaging and disengaging the forward and reverse clutches a slowly rotating auxiliary drive having reversible direction of rotation is connected by means of a reverse movement blocking device with the drive shaft.

Abstract: A contact sensing head, for example for a measuring device, comprises a sensor having a free end which is vibrated at low amplitude by a motor at the resonant frequency of the sensor. A transducer senses the vibrations and feeds a signal to an electronic detection system. When the sensor contacts an object, the frequency and amplitude of its oscillation changes. This is picked up by the electronic detection system, which signals that contact has been made.

Abstract: A cant or tiltable segment-radial bearing comprises a support segment and two guide segments in which there is mounted a shaft. The shaft can be sprayed with lubricant by means of nozzle tubes which are arranged in the intermediate spaces between the support segment and each of the guide segments and in the intermediate space between both of the guide segments, respectively. The nozzle tubes extend in spaced relationship from such segments essentially parallel to the shaft axis. Since the support segment has a large width in relation to the diameter of the shaft an intensive lubrication of such support segment is required, wherefore this support segment is subdivided by a lubricant outflow groove which extends in the circumferential direction.