Abstract: A chemical modification method of a defined area on a substrate surface, comprising the steps of: a) providing a flow cell having a reactive substrate surface, b) providing a laminar flow of a first fluid comprising a first reagent and a laminar flow of a second fluid comprising a second reagent, adjacent to the flow of the first fluid, such that the two laminar fluids flow together over the reactive substrate surface with an interface to each other and, c) dynamically controlling the relative flow rates of the first and second fluids to position the interface so that a predetermined area of the reactive substrate surface is repeatedly exposed to both the first and the second fluid to obtain a chemically modified predetermined area of the substrate surface.

Abstract: A method of preparing a protein-resistant reactive solid support surface is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a solid support having a hydrogel coating with a plurality of binding elements, coupling a protein resistant compound to the hydrogel via a first fraction of the binding elements, and coupling at least one binding agent to the hydrogel via a second fraction of the binding elements, whereby the protein resistant compound and the at least one binding agent are co-immobilized to the hydrogel. Also the use of the reactive surface in analysis, such as immunogenicity assays, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a protein-resistant reactive solid support surface is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a solid support having a hydrogel coating with a plurality of binding elements, coupling a protein resistant compound to the hydrogel via a first fraction of the binding elements, and coupling at least one binding agent to the hydrogel via a second fraction of the binding elements, whereby the protein resistant compound and the at least one binding agent are co-immobilized to the hydrogel. Also the use of the reactive surface in analysis, such as immunogenicity assays, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing an array of discrete localized binding agent-supporting regions on a solid support surface as well as an array prepared by the method are disclosed. The method comprises: providing a solid support bearing functional groups at a plurality of predefined discrete regions and being in a first surface property state; activating the functional groups to reactive groups to convert any activated surface area to a second surface property state which differs substantially from that of the first state; selectively dispensing at each predefined discrete region a predetermined volume of a liquid medium containing a binding agent to couple the binding agent to the reactive groups; and deactivating unreacted reactive groups such that the first surface property state of the solid support surface is restored. The use of the method for studying molecular interactions and for performing assays for one or more analytes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a protein-resistant reactive solid support surface is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a solid support having a hydrogel coating with a plurality of binding elements, coupling a protein resistant compound to the hydrogel via a first fraction of the binding elements, and coupling at least one binding agent to the hydrogel via a second fraction of the binding elements, whereby the protein resistant compound and the at least one binding agent are co-immobilized to the hydrogel. Also the use of the reactive surface in analysis, such as immunogenicity assays, is disclosed.