Abstract: The invention relates to a dyeing assistant comprising at least(A) an O-cyanoethylated compound of the formulaR(O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN).sub.n, (1)wherein R is an n-valent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical, and n is 1 to 5,(B) an anionic surfactant(C) a non-ionic surfactant and optionally at least one of the following components(D) an aliphatic alcohol containing 5 to 18 carbon atoms, a siloxane-oxyalkylene copolymer or a mixture thereof, and(E) a polar solvent.This assistant is used in particular for dyeing synthetic fibre material, preferably polyester fibres, to improve levelness and crockfastness and to increase the dye yield.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymeric quaternary ammonium salts containing specific di-tertiary amino substituted cationic recurring units. Said salts are useful as dyeing and finishing agents, especially for dyeing textile materials, such as polyacrylonitrile fiber materials, as dispersing agents and emulsifiers, as antistatic, antimicrobial and flocculating agents and as precipitants.

Abstract: A process for dyeing or printing organic fibrous material made e.g. of polyamide, polyester or polyacrylonitrile, and also of cellulose, said process comprising the use of a dyeing or printing assistant which contains a quaternary ammonium salt. The salt is a reaction product of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and ethylene, propylene or styrene, with a N,N-disubstituted n-alkylenediamine, a homopolymer of a vinylpyridine, or a quaternized copolymer of a vinylpyridine and styrene. The reaction product, the homopolymer, and the copolymer are quaternized with e.g. benzyl chloride. The ammonium salt can also be a homopolymer of a vinylbenzyl chloride which is quaternized with a tertiary monoamine. The fibrous material dyed or printed with e.g. direct or disperse dyes or with cationic dyes has excellent levelness, good penetration of the dye, and good wetfastness properties. It is also possible to obtain multi-shade effects by printing the material patchwise with a reserve paste and then dyeing it.

Abstract: Sulphonated condensation products which are obtained, irrespective of sequence, by reaction of an aromatic compound that contains at least two replaceable hydrogen atoms in the nucleus with a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents the direct bond or oxygen, Hal represents chlorine or bromine, and n is a number from 1 to 4, and sulphonation, and optionally by further condensation with formaldehyde or formaldehyde donors.The sulphonated condensation products are particularly effective as levelling agents and dispersants.

Abstract: Acid esters of propylene oxide poly-adducts and their salts, which are obtained by an addition reaction of(a) propylene oxide with(b) a polyfunction amine, which contains 2 to 9 carbon atoms and at least a second reactive amino group or at least one hydroxyl group, and esterification of the poly-adduct with(c) an oxy-acid which is at least dibasic or with a functional derivative of this acid and, if appropriate, by conversion of the resulting acid ester into a salt.These acid esters of propylene oxide poly-adducts are particularly effective as dyeing auxiliaries, especially as dispersing and levelling agents for dyeing synthetic fibres and primarily for dyeing linear polyester fibres.

Abstract: Process for dyeing materials which contain synthetic fibres with dyes that are sparingly soluble to insoluble in water, in the presence of dyeing auxiliaries which are polyadducts of propylene oxide and a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol of at least 2 carbon atoms, wherein said adducts are soluble in water and contain sulphonic acid groups.The process of present invention is especially suitable for dyeing linear polyester fibres wherein level and strong dyeings are obtained which are in addition characterized by good fastness to rubbing.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of wool-containing fibre materials with anionic dyes, which process comprises dyeing these materials in the presence of an optionally etherified N-methylolurea compound which serves as a wool protective agent.