Abstract: A device protects a vehicle air conditioning system and includes a pressure estimator to estimate a compressor refrigerant discharge pressure based on predetermined vehicle and air conditioning system information. The device includes a pressure switch to selectively transmit a cutting-off request signal for cutting off driving of the compressor depending on the compressor refrigerant discharge pressure. The device includes a controller to determine whether to allow the compressor to be driven based on the estimation discharge pressure determined by the pressure estimator and whether the pressure switch has transmitted a cutting-off request signal.

Abstract: Provided are various compounds for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1. The compounds of the present disclosure show excellent effects of increasing NF1 protein and inhibiting cell proliferation and protein degradation compared to a control group, and thus may be usefully used as various applications including a therapeutic agent for neurofibromatosis type 1, an anticancer agent, and a therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma and lymphoma.

Abstract: A network server communicating with a plurality of user terminals over a network includes a communicator and at least one processor configured to communicate with the plurality of user terminals through the communicator. The at least one processor obtains an event history including information on user input events of each of the plurality of user terminals by communicating with each of the plurality of user terminals through the communicator, determines a macro score corresponding to each of the plurality of user terminals based on each of the event histories of the plurality of user terminals, adjusts a reference value for detecting whether a macro is used, based on the macro scores corresponding to the plurality of user terminals, and detects whether each of the plurality of user terminals uses the macro, by comparing each of the macro scores corresponding to the plurality of user terminals with the reference value.

Abstract: A network server communicating with a plurality of user terminals over a network includes a communicator and at least one processor configured to communicate with the plurality of user terminals through the communicator. The at least one processor obtains an event history including information on user input events of each of the plurality of user terminals by communicating with each of the plurality of user terminals through the communicator, determines a macro score corresponding to each of the plurality of user terminals based on each of the event histories of the plurality of user terminals, adjusts a reference value for detecting whether a macro is used, based on the macro scores corresponding to the plurality of user terminals, and detects whether each of the plurality of user terminals uses the macro, by comparing each of the macro scores corresponding to the plurality of user terminals with the reference value.

Abstract: Provided is an ingot growing apparatus. The ingot growing apparatus includes a quartz crucible in which a silicon melt is stored, a graphite crucible in which the quartz crucible is accommodated, a crucible support supporting a lower portion of the graphite crucible, and a heater supplying heat into the graphite crucible. The graphite crucible comprises an inner body contacting the quartz crucible and an outer body disposed spaced a predetermined distance from the inner body, and an inert gas is injected between the inner body and the outer body to form an inert gas layer. According to an embodiment, when polysilicon is melted, the inside of the crucible may be thermally insulated to reduce a heater power, and concentration of degradation in a specific portion of an inner wall of the crucible may be prevented to prevent the crucible from being damaged by the degradation, thereby increasing a life-cycle of the crucible.