Abstract: Lithium battery electrolyte materials comprising fluorinated phosphonates and having a polymer structure defined by: where R1 is —CF3, —(CF2)nCF3 and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene (EFEP), or polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) and R2 is —(CF2)n and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene (EFEP), or polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).

Abstract: Polymer-based electrolyte materials that may be used as proton exchange membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are described. The disclosed polymer electrolyte materials can be generally defined by a general 1,3-dicarbonyl repeat unit that may include various side chain and main chain constituents changing the acidity of the C—H proton(s) located between the carbonyl groups. Accordingly, by varying such side-chain and main-chain constituents, the proton-conduction properties the disclosed proton exchange membranes can be manipulated, and methods of producing the same. Methods of producing such polymer electrolyte materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A solid state battery cathode material includes a first polymer of the general formula where R is naught, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 perfluoroalkyl, or C1-C4 alkanone; X is naught, O, S, or NR1; and R1, R2 are H, C1-C8 alkyl, C2-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 perfluoroalkyl, aryl, phenyl, or 1,2-phenylene.

Abstract: Polymer-based electrolyte materials that may be used as proton exchange membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are described. The disclosed polymer electrolyte materials can be generally defined by a general 1,3-dicarbonyl repeat unit that may include various side chain and main chain constituents changing the acidity of the C—H proton(s) located between the carbonyl groups. Accordingly, by varying such side-chain and main-chain constituents, the proton-conduction properties the disclosed proton exchange membranes can be manipulated, and methods of producing the same. Methods of producing such polymer electrolyte materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: Lithium battery electrolyte materials comprising fluorinated phosphonates and having a polymer structure defined by: where R1 is —CF3, —(CF2)nCF3 and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene (EFEP), or polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) and R2 is —(CF2)n and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene (EFEP), or polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).

Abstract: A solid state battery cathode material includes a first polymer of the general formula where R is naught, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 perfluoroalkyl, or C1-C4 alkanone; X is naught, O, S, or NR1; and R1, R2 are H, C1-C8 alkyl, C2-C4 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 perfluoroalkyl, aryl, phenyl, or 1,2-phenylene.

Abstract: Solid electrolytes have a favorable combination of properties such as high conductivity, high transference number, optimum processability, and low brittleness. A composite electrolyte includes some amount of a class of network polymer electrolytes with high transference number and high room temperature conductivity, and an additional polymeric component to contribute mechanical integrity and/or processability. The solid electrolytes can include a network polymer having linked nodes composed of a tetrahedral arylborate composition and a linear polymer combined with the network polymer as a composite. The solid electrolytes can be used in thin films and in solid-state batteries.

Abstract: An electrode configuration for a battery cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a low counter-ion permeability layer interposed between the separator and the positive electrode. The separator has a first permeability to counter-ions, which do not participate in the battery electrode reactions, and the low counter-ion permeability layer has a second permeability to the counter-ions that is less than the first permeability. The separator includes a first salt concentration adjacent to the low counter-ion permeability layer and a second salt concentration adjacent to the negative electrode, and the second salt concentration is greater than the first salt concentration.

Abstract: Solid electrolytes have a favorable combination of properties such as high conductivity, high transference number, optimum processability, and low brittleness. A composite electrolyte includes some amount of a class of network polymer electrolytes with high transference number and high room temperature conductivity, and an additional polymeric component to contribute mechanical integrity and/or processability. The solid electrolytes can include a network polymer having linked nodes composed of a tetrahedral arylborate composition and a linear polymer combined with the network polymer as a composite. The solid electrolytes can be used in thin films and in solid-state batteries.

Abstract: An electrode configuration for a battery cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a low counter-ion permeability layer interposed between the separator and the positive electrode. The separator has a first permeability to counter-ions, which do not participate in the battery electrode reactions, and the low counter-ion permeability layer has a second permeability to the counter-ions that is less than the first permeability. The separator includes a first salt concentration adjacent to the low counter-ion permeability layer and a second salt concentration adjacent to the negative electrode, and the second salt concentration is greater than the first salt concentration.

Abstract: A cathode active material including a lithium intercalation material; a coating including an oxide, phosphate, or borate; and a moiety capable of forming a bond with the coating.

Abstract: A new purification technique for alkylene oxides is described. The technique is safer than previously reported methods and does not require cooling of the purification vessel. In a solution of a high-boiling point solvent and butyllithium, an alkylene oxide is added and allowed to react at ambient temperature. The impurities readily react with the butyllithium while the alkylene oxide does not. The low-boiling alkylene oxide is then easily distilled out of the high-boiling point solvent as a pure material ready for use in controlled polymerization reactions.