Abstract: A quantum dot includes: a nanoparticle; and a ligand represented by Formula 1 on a surface of the nanoparticle: A1 is an anchoring group linked to the surface of the nanoparticle, and A1 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae A-1 to A-4: wherein * in Formulae A-1 to A-4 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

Abstract: A guideway and chassis system of wheel-based, rail running vehicles includes a guideway system having substantially horizontal bases, two parallel rails, and mainly vertical guide rails extending along both sides of the rails, with mainly horizontal inward flanges in a vertical distance above the bases. The chassis includes a set of main wheels arranged to run on the rails and a set of guide wheels arranged to bear against the guide rails to ensure the lateral position of the vehicle. The flanges are localized closely above the top side of the guide wheels to restrict the ability of the guide wheels to upward vertical movement. The width of the flanges is sufficiently small so as to not interfere with the main wheels, thereby allowing the top of the main wheels to extend above the horizontal flanges.

Abstract: Guideway and chassis system of wheel-based, rail running vehicles comprising a guideway system (2-6) including substantially horizontal bases (3), two parallel rails (4) and mainly vertical guide rails (5) extending along both sides of the rails (4), with mainly horizontal inward flanges (6) in a vertical distance above the bases (3). The chassis comprises a set of main wheels (9) arranged to run on said rails (4) and a set of guide wheels (10) arranged to bear against the guide rails (5) to ensure the lateral position of the vehicle. The flanges (6) are localized closely above the top side of said guide wheels (10) to restrict their ability to upward vertical movement, the width of the flanges (6) being sufficiently small to not interfere with the main wheels (9), allowing the top of the main wheels to extend above the horizontal flanges (6).