Abstract: An integrated circuit package including electrically floating metal lines and a method of forming are provided. The integrated circuit package may include integrated circuit dies, an encapsulant around the integrated circuit dies, a redistribution structure on the encapsulant, a first electrically floating metal line disposed on the redistribution structure, a first electrical component connected to the redistribution structure, and an underfill between the first electrical component and the redistribution structure. A first opening in the underfill may expose a top surface of the first electrically floating metal line.

Abstract: A planar winding transformer includes a magnetic core set and a multilayer circuit board. The magnetic core set includes two magnetic cores and two magnetic columns. The two magnetic cores are parallel to each other. The multilayer circuit board is disposed between two magnetic cores, and two magnetic columns penetrate through the multilayer circuit board. The multilayer circuit board includes two low voltage winding layers and one high voltage winding layer. Two low voltage winding layers are connected to each other in parallel, and the high voltage winding layer is disposed between two low voltage winding layers. When the high voltage winding layer receives a polarity current, at least one of the low voltage winding layers generates a corresponding induced current. Two magnetic cores and two magnetic columns form a closed path for magnetic flux.

Abstract: An intelligent stable power supply system includes a first power input module, a first non-return valve module, an active pulse wave generation unit, a DC power processing unit, and a control unit. When the control unit determines that a first voltage value is less than a first predetermined value or greater than a second predetermined value, and a second voltage value is between the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value, the control unit firstly controls the first non-return valve module being from an on state to an off state, and then controls the second non-return valve module being from an off state to an on state so that a power signal of the second power input module flows into the active pulse wave generation unit and the DC power processing unit to output a DC power signal.

Abstract: A power supply device, a power supply management module and method are provided. The power supply device includes a power supply management module. The power supply management module includes a first and a second power supply module, a detection unit, and a switching control module. The first power supply module includes a first alternating current input end, a first rectifier circuit, and a first switch unit. A first end of the first switch unit is connected to the first rectifier circuit. The second power supply module includes a second alternating current input end, a second rectifier circuit, and a second switch unit. A third end and a fourth end of the second switch unit are connected to the second rectifier circuit and a second end of the first switch unit, respectively. The switching control module controls the first and the second switch unit according to a detection signal.

Abstract: An intelligent stable power supply system includes a first power input module, a first non-return valve module, an active pulse wave generation unit, a DC power processing unit, and a control unit. When the control unit determines that a first voltage value is less than a first predetermined value or greater than a second predetermined value, and a second voltage value is between the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value, the control unit firstly controls the first non-return valve module being from an on state to an off state, and then controls the second non-return valve module being from an off state to an on state so that a power signal of the second power input module flows into the active pulse wave generation unit and the DC power processing unit to output a DC power signal.

Abstract: A water quality monitoring system is provided, including several sensors, several actuators, and an embedded system. The sensors sense environmental parameters and separately output a plurality of sensing signals including the environmental parameters. The actuators change the environmental parameters. The embedded system includes a storage module, a data collection module, a data analysis module, and a control module. The storage module stores a plurality of normal parameter ranges that correspond to the respective environmental parameters. The data collection module is connected to the sensors for receiving the sensing signals. The data analysis module is connected to the storage module and the data collection module to determine whether the sensing signals are abnormal according to the normal parameter ranges and output a determination result. The control module is connected to the data analysis module to control the actuators or output a warning signal according to the determination result.

Abstract: A power supply device, a power supply management module and method are provided. The power supply device includes a power supply management module. The power supply management module includes a first and a second power supply module, a detection unit, and a switching control module. The first power supply module includes a first alternating current input end, a first rectifier circuit, and a first switch unit. A first end of the first switch unit is connected to the first rectifier circuit. The second power supply module includes a second alternating current input end, a second rectifier circuit, and a second switch unit. A third end and a fourth end of the second switch unit are connected to the second rectifier circuit and a second end of the first switch unit, respectively. The switching control module controls the first and the second switch unit according to a detection signal.

Abstract: A printed circuit board of a planar transformer includes a first column hole, a second column hole, and a plurality of winding layers. At least one of the winding layers includes a first winding and a second winding connected in series. The first winding surrounds the first column hole and has a first opening direction. The second winding surrounds the second column hole and has a second opening direction. The first opening direction is different from the second opening direction. Consequently, the windings on the plurality of layers may be connected in series through conductive holes of the PCB to increase the number of winding turns.

Abstract: A software protection method includes decrypting an encrypted executable file by a processor, and the steps of decrypting include the following steps. A linking instruction is executed in a first execution environment; based on the linking instruction, a signature corresponding to the encrypted executable file is generated in the first execution environment; based on the signature and a hash table, a decryption algorithm is performed and a key is generated in the first execution environment; and the key is transmitted from the first execution environment to a second execution environment that is different from the first execution environment. The encrypted executable file is in the second execution environment. A software protection system is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes a full-wave rectifying circuit for converting an AC input voltage to a rectified voltage and a controller coupled to the full-wave rectifying circuit. The full-wave rectifying circuit includes a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit. During a general stage, the controller controls the first or second switching circuit to perform an active rectifying operation once an absolute value of the AC input voltage is greater than a lower bound voltage. During an initialization stage, the full-wave rectifying circuit performs a passive rectifying operation to convert the AC input voltage to the rectified voltage, and the controller controls the first or second switching circuit to switch from performing the passive rectifying operation to performing the active rectifying operation once the absolute value of the AC input voltage reaches or exceeds an upper bound voltage.

Abstract: A planar winding transformer includes a magnetic core set and a multilayer circuit board. The magnetic core set includes two magnetic cores and two magnetic columns. The two magnetic cores are parallel to each other. The multilayer circuit board is disposed between two magnetic cores, and two magnetic columns penetrate through the multilayer circuit board. The multilayer circuit board includes two low voltage winding layers and one high voltage winding layer. Two low voltage winding layers are connected to each other in parallel, and the high voltage winding layer is disposed between two low voltage winding layers. When the high voltage winding layer receives a polarity current, at least one of the low voltage winding layers generates a corresponding induced current. Two magnetic cores and two magnetic columns form a closed path for magnetic flux.

Abstract: A transformer includes a magnetic core set and 2N pairs of windings. The magnetic core set includes a first magnetic core, a second magnetic core, a first magnetic column, and a second magnetic column. Each of the pairs of windings includes a high-voltage side winding and a low-voltage side winding. Each of the pairs of the windings surrounds one of the first and the second magnetic columns. The surrounding direction of the high-voltage side windings surrounding the firs magnetic core is opposite to the surrounding direction of the high-voltage side windings surrounding the second magnetic core.

Abstract: A software protection method includes decrypting an encrypted executable file by a processor, and the steps of decrypting include the following steps. A linking instruction is executed in a first execution environment; based on the linking instruction, a signature corresponding to the encrypted executable file is generated in the first execution environment; based on the signature and a hash table, a decryption algorithm is performed and a key is generated in the first execution environment; and the key is transmitted from the first execution environment to a second execution environment that is different from the first execution environment. The encrypted executable file is in the second execution environment. A software protection system is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a power conversion system. A first boosting circuit of the power conversion system is coupled between a first energy storage element and a second energy storage element. A switching element of the power conversion system is coupled to the first boost circuit in parallel. When the first voltage value is lower than a first preset level, the control circuit turns off the switching element and drives the first booster circuit to maintain a second voltage value according to the first voltage value, so that the power conversion system operates in a first state. When the first voltage value is equal to or larger than the first preset level, the control circuit turns on the switching element and turns off the first boost circuit, so that the power conversion system operates in a second state.

Abstract: A power conversion system includes a first and a second energy storage element, a first boost circuit, a switching element, a control circuit and a detection circuit. The first boost circuit is coupled between the first and the second energy storage element. The switching element is coupled to the first boost circuit in parallel. When the first voltage value is lower than a first preset level, the control circuit turns off the switching element and drives the first booster circuit to maintain a second voltage value according to the first voltage value, so that the power conversion system operates in a first state. When the first voltage value is equal to or larger than the first preset level, the control circuit turns on the switching element and turns off the first boost circuit, so that the power conversion system operates in a second state.

Abstract: A transmission system includes a first security unit coupling to application ends, a second security unit coupling to a user end, and a server. The server sends a first attribute key to the first security unit based on attributes of the application ends and sends a second attribute key to the second security unit based on attributes of the user end. To enable one application end, the first security unit encrypts a session key with the first attribute key, opens a socket, and sends the encrypted session key to the server. When the second security unit receives a request for the application end, the server sends the encrypted session key to the second security unit. The second security unit decrypts the encrypted session key with the second attribute key and connects to the socket. The second security unit interchanges information with the first security unit via the session key.

Abstract: A water quality monitoring system is provided, including several sensors, several actuators, and an embedded system. The sensors sense environmental parameters and separately output a plurality of sensing signals including the environmental parameters. The actuators change the environmental parameters. The embedded system includes a storage module, a data collection module, a data analysis module, and a control module. The storage module stores a plurality of normal parameter ranges that correspond to the respective environmental parameters. The data collection module is connected to the sensors for receiving the sensing signals. The data analysis module is connected to the storage module and the data collection module to determine whether the sensing signals are abnormal according to the normal parameter ranges and output a determination result. The control module is connected to the data analysis module to control the actuators or output a warning signal according to the determination result.

Abstract: A transmission system includes a first security unit coupling to application ends, a second security unit coupling to a user end, and a server. The server sends a first attribute key to the first security unit based on attributes of the application ends and sends a second attribute key to the second security unit based on attributes of the user end. To enable one application end, the first security unit encrypts a session key with the first attribute key, opens a socket, and sends the encrypted session key to the server. When the second security unit receives a request for the application end, the server sends the encrypted session key to the second security unit. The second security unit decrypts the encrypted session key with the second attribute key and connects to the socket. The second security unit interchanges information with the first security unit via the session key.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for equipping personal digital product with functions of recording and displaying the digital video/audio multi-media, comprising: providing a modulated interlacing video signal and an analog audio signal for de-modulation and de-interlacing of the interlacing video signal; at the same time processing digital transformation of the analog audio signal for digitalizing the analog audio signal to obtain a digital audio signal; then compressing the de-interlaced video signal and the digital audio signal to obtain a compressed de-interlaced video signal and a compressed digital audio signal; putting the compressed de-interlaced video signal and the compressed digital audio signal under synchronous process to obtain a synchronized compressed video signal and compressed audio signal; finally, outputting the synchronized compressed video signal and compressed audio signal to a processing unit of digital apparatus for selecting from recording or displaying the digital video/audio multi-