Abstract: A package structure and a method of forming the same are provided. The package structure includes a first die, a second die, a first encapsulant, and a buffer layer. The first die and the second die are disposed side by side. The first encapsulant encapsulates the first die and the second die. The second die includes a die stack encapsulated by a second encapsulant encapsulating a die stack. The buffer layer is disposed between the first encapsulant and the second encapsulant and covers at least a sidewall of the second die and disposed between the first encapsulant and the second encapsulant. The buffer layer has a Young's modulus less than a Young's modulus of the first encapsulant and a Young's modulus of the second encapsulant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multicomponent-alloy material layer and a method of manufacturing the multicomponent-alloy material layer and a capacitor structure of a semiconductor device comprising the multicomponent-alloy material layer. The multicomponent-alloy material layer has four to six metal elements and has specific two kinds of metal components, and the two kinds of metal components have a specific content ratio, such that without a thermal annealing treatment, the multicomponent-alloy material layer has a specific work function for an application in the capacitor structure of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided of characterizing a re-entrant SPM probe tip (30) through a single scan of a characterizer, thus dramatically increasing throughput, accuracy, and repeatability when compared to prior known tip characterization techniques. The characterizer also preferably is one whose dimensions can be known with a high level of certainty in order to maximize characterization accuracy. These dimensions are also preferably very stable or, if unstable, change catastrophically rather than in a manner that is difficult or impossible to detect. A carbon nanotube (CNT), preferably a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), has been found to be well-suited for this purpose. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (130) and other structures may also suffice for this purpose. Also provided are a method and apparatus for monitoring the integrity of a CNT.

Abstract: Sidewall tracing nanoprobes, in which the tip shape of the nanoprobe Is altered so that the diameter or width of the very tip of the probe is wider than the diameter of the supporting stem. Such side protruding probe tips are fabricated by a subtractive method of reducing the stem diameter, an additive method of increasing the tip diameter, or sideway bending of the probe tip. These sidewall tracing nanoprobes are useful for inspection of semiconductor devices, especially to quantitatively evaluate the defects on the side wall of trenches or via holes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided of characterizing a re-entrant SPM probe tip (30) through a single scan of a characterizer, thus dramatically increasing throughput, accuracy, and repeatability when compared to prior known tip characterization techniques. The characterizer also preferably is one whose dimensions can be known with a high level of certainty in order to maximize characterization accuracy. These dimensions are also preferably very stable or, if unstable, change catastrophically rather than in a manner that is difficult or impossible to detect. A carbon nanotube (CNT), preferably a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), has been found to be well-suited for this purpose. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (130) and other structures may also suffice for this purpose. Also provided are a method and apparatus for monitoring the integrity of a CNT.

Abstract: Sidewall tracing nanoprobes, in which the tip shape of the nanoprobe Is altered so that the diameter or width of the very tip of the probe is wider than the diameter of the supporting stem. Such side protruding probe tips are fabricated by a subtractive method of reducing the stem diameter, an additive method of increasing the tip diameter, or sideway bending of the probe tip. These sidewall tracing nanoprobes are useful for inspection of semiconductor devices, especially to quantitatively evaluate the defects on the side wall of trenches or via holes.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope's probe tip dimensions as they exist or existed for a certain data or measurement are inferred based on probe activity taking place since a probe characterization procedure was performed. The inferred probe tip dimensions can be used to correct nanoscale measurements taken by the probe to account for changes in the probe's geometry such as wear.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope's probe tip dimensions as they exist or existed for a certain data or measurement are inferred based on probe activity taking place since a probe characterization procedure was performed. The inferred probe tip dimensions can be used to correct nanoscale measurements taken by the probe to account for changes in the probe's geometry such as wear.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a shaving system includes a razor head having a resilient reservoir for holding a shaving aid and a piezoelectric ceramic disposed adjacent the resilient reservoir. The delivery system also includes a shaving strip disposed within the razor head, an actuator and an ejection port. The shaving strip is oriented to engage the skin of a user during a shaving stroke and the actuator electrically couples to the piezoelectric ceramic such that, upon activation, the actuator causes deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic which, in turn, deforms the resilient reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port. Alternatively, the actuator may include a shape memory alloy which, upon transformation between states, deforms the reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a shaving system includes a razor head having a reservoir for holding a shaving aid and a heating apparatus disposed adjacent the reservoir. The delivery system also includes a shaving strip disposed within the razor head, an actuator and an ejection port. The shaving strip is oriented to engage the skin of a user during a shaving stroke and the actuator electrically couples to the heating apparatus to cause volumetric expansion of the shaving aid when activated. The ejection port directs the shaving aid from the reservoir onto the shaving strip upon activation of the actuator.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a shaving system includes a razor head having a resilient reservoir for holding a shaving aid and a piezoelectric ceramic disposed adjacent the resilient reservoir. The delivery system also includes a shaving strip disposed within the razor head, an actuator and an ejection port. The shaving strip is oriented to engage the skin of a user during a shaving stroke and the actuator electrically couples to the piezoelectric ceramic such that, upon activation, the actuator causes deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic which, in turn, deforms the resilient reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port. Alternatively, the actuator may include a shape memory alloy which, upon transformation between states, deforms the reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port.

Abstract: The present invention provides a miniature gas turbine engine for power generation. The engine has a highly integrated unitary rotor shaft where turbine, compressor and shaft are made in one piece in one fabrication process. The turbine and compressor are positioned back to back on the shaft in an overhung configuration, allowing the front bearings to be located in the cold zone of the engine. Preferably, the Mold SDM fabrication technique is utilized to make the unitary rotor shaft in one monolithic part out of ceramics such as silicon nitride, eliminating the need for post process assembly while strengthening the integrity, reliability, and performance of the unitary rotor shaft. Integrated with a permanent magnet in the unitary rotor shaft, the miniature gas turbine engine can generate electric power of 1 kW or less. Additionally, the axial length of the miniature gas turbine engine is about 100 mm or less.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a shaving system includes a razor head having a resilient reservoir for holding a shaving aid and a piezoelectric ceramic disposed adjacent the resilient reservoir. The delivery system also includes a shaving strip disposed within the razor head, an actuator and an ejection port. The shaving strip is oriented to engage the skin of a user during a shaving stroke and the actuator electrically couples to the piezoelectric ceramic such that, upon activation, the actuator causes deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic which, in turn, deforms the resilient reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port. Alternatively, the actuator may include a shape memory alloy which, upon transformation between states, deforms the reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a razor assembly includes a cartridge assembly having a reservoir for storing a fluid shaving aid and skin care topicals, and channels for communicating the shaving aid to a shaving surface of the cartridge assembly. A spring driven piston assembly drives shaving aid from the reservoir to the shaving surface. A clutch assembly controls the movement of the piston assembly, the clutch assembly being movable between an engaged position wherein the movement of the piston assembly is prevented and a released position wherein the movement of the piston assembly is permitted. The clutch assembly is movable to the released position in response to a force applied to the shaving surface of the cartridge. A visual indicator alerts the user as to the amount of shaving aid remains in the reservoir and when replacement is due.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a razor assembly includes a cartridge assembly having a reservoir for storing a fluid shaving aid and skin care topicals, and channels for communicating the shaving aid to a shaving surface of the cartridge assembly. A spring driven piston assembly drives shaving aid from the reservoir to the shaving surface. A clutch assembly controls the movement of the piston assembly, the clutch assembly being movable between an engaged position wherein the movement of the piston assembly is prevented and a released position wherein the movement of the piston assembly is permitted. The clutch assembly is movable to the released position in response to a force applied to the shaving surface of the cartridge. A visual indicator alerts the user as to the amount of shaving aid remains in the reservoir and when replacement is due.

Abstract: The present invention provides a miniature gas turbine engine for power generation. The engine has a highly integrated unitary rotor shaft where turbine, compressor and shaft are made in one piece in one fabrication process. The turbine and compressor are positioned back to back on the shaft in an overhung configuration, allowing the front bearings to be located in the cold zone of the engine. Preferably, the Mold SDM fabrication technique is utilized to make the unitary rotor shaft in one monolithic part out of ceramics such as silicon nitride, eliminating the need for post process assembly while strengthening the integrity, reliability, and performance of the unitary rotor shaft. Integrated with a permanent magnet in the unitary rotor shaft, the miniature gas turbine engine can generate electric power of 1 kW or less. Additionally, the axial length of the miniature gas turbine engine is about 100 mm or less.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a shaving system includes a razor head having a resilient reservoir for holding a shaving aid and a piezoelectric ceramic disposed adjacent the resilient reservoir. The delivery system also includes a shaving strip disposed within the razor head, an actuator and an ejection port. The shaving strip is oriented to engage the skin of a user during a shaving stroke and the actuator electrically couples to the piezoelectric ceramic such that, upon activation, the actuator causes deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic which, in turn, deforms the resilient reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port. Alternatively, the actuator may include a shape memory alloy which, upon transformation between states, deforms the reservoir and forces the shaving aid from the reservoir through the ejection port.

Abstract: A shaving aid delivery system for a shaving system includes a razor head having a reservoir for holding a shaving aid and a heating apparatus disposed adjacent the reservoir. The delivery system also includes a shaving strip disposed within the razor head, an actuator and an ejection port. The shaving strip is oriented to engage the skin of a user during a shaving stroke and the actuator electrically couples to the heating apparatus to cause volumetric expansion of the shaving aid when activated. The ejection port directs the shaving aid from the reservoir onto the shaving strip upon activation of the actuator.