Abstract: The invention provides an organic dye, a composite dye and dye-sensitized solar cell using the same. The organic dye has Formula (I): wherein L is a linker group and comprises a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C20 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboncyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group or combinations thereof, and A is an electron acceptor group.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte composition is provided. The composition of the gel electrolyte includes an unsubstituted or substituted pyridine, a metal salt, a halogen molecule, an unsubstituted or substituted nicotinic acid and a solvent. The composition may be free from or substantially free from one or more of a polymer and a low molecular gelling agent. Also provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell containing the composition as well as a method for preparing the composition.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic dye, a composite dye and dye-sensitized solar cell using the same. The organic dye has Formula (I): wherein L is a linker group and comprises a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C20 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboncyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group or combinations thereof, and A is an electron acceptor group.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte composition is provided. The composition of the gel electrolyte includes an unsubstituted or substituted pyridine, a metal salt, a halogen molecule, an unsubstituted or substituted nicotinic acid and a solvent. The composition may be free from or substantially free from one or more of a polymer and a low molecular gelling agent. Also provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell containing the composition as well as a method for preparing the composition.

Abstract: The disclosed is about a hydroformylation of a cyclic olefin with rhodium catalyst, and specifically about the recovering of the rhodium catalyst. Aldehyde and the cyclic olefin are added into a rhodium catalyst solution to process a hydroformylation, thereby forming the product cycloalkyl aldehyde. Afterwards, the result is divided into two layers. The upper layer is substantially rhodium catalyst solution, and the lower layer is substantially cycloalkyl aldehyde and the aldehyde. After separation, the upper layer is reserved to process next hydroformylation reaction with newly added cyclic olefin.

Abstract: The disclosed is about a hydroformylation of a cyclic olefin with rhodium catalyst, and specifically about the recovering of the rhodium catalyst. Aldehyde and the cyclic olefin are added into a rhodium catalyst solution to process a hydroformylation, thereby forming the product cycloalkyl aldehyde. Afterwards, the result is divided into two layers. The upper layer is substantially rhodium catalyst solution, and the lower layer is substantially cycloalkyl aldehyde and the aldehyde. After separation, the upper layer is reserved to process next hydroformylation reaction with newly added cyclic olefin.

Abstract: The disclosed is about a hydroformylation reaction of a cyclic olefin in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, and specifically about recovering the rhodium catalyst. After the cyclic olefin is hydroformylated by the rhodium catalyst, the product solution is added an extraction liquid including a cycloalkyl alcohol and separated into two layers. The upper layer is substantially made up of the rhodium catalyst solution, and the lower layer is substantially made up of the cycloalkyl aldehyde and the extraction solution including cycloalkyl alcohol.

Abstract: The disclosed is about a hydroformylation reaction of a cyclic olefin in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, and specifically about recovering the rhodium catalyst. After the cyclic olefin is hydroformylated by the rhodium catalyst, the product solution is added an extraction liquid including a cycloalkyl alcohol and separated into two layers. The upper layer is substantially made up of the rhodium catalyst solution, and the lower layer is substantially made up of the cycloalkyl aldehyde and the extraction solution including cycloalkyl alcohol.