Abstract: A solvent, such as deionized water, is heated up to boil to remove the oxygen dissolved in the water before preparing the plating solutions for the growth of copper interconnects. The resistance of the copper grown from the EDD solutions having undergone the oxygen-removing process is greatly improved, down to a value very close to copper's ideal value.

Abstract: A video decoder for decoding a composite video signal. The decoder includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an input resampler, and a Y/C separator, all coupled in series. The ADC receives and digitizes the composite video signal to generate ADC samples. The input resampler receives and resamples the ADC samples with a first resampling signal to generate resampled video samples. The Y/C separator receives and separates the resampled video samples into luminance and chrominance components. The Y/C separator includes a delay element configured to receive the resampled video samples and provide a variable amount of delay. The variable amount of delay can be adjustable from line to line, and is typically based on an approximated duration of a video line.

Abstract: Web pages that share a common layout and/or functionality are associated with at least one master page and at least one endpoint page. Each master page specifies a common layout and/or functionality that are intended to be shared between the web pages. The master pages also include content place holders that identify content segments that are intended to be replaced by content that is obtained from the at least one endpoint page. When a client system requests one of the web pages, the server system merges the appropriate master page and endpoint page into a resulting page that can be rendered as the requested web page by the client system. This enables web pages sharing common features to be created automatically, in real-time, and transparently to the client system, and without having to redundantly store duplicative content for each of the web pages at the server system.

Abstract: A method for forming a dielectric layer of a semiconductor is described. At first, providing a substrate with a metal-conductive layer having been formed thereon. Next covering the substrate with a membrane having a plurality of micro-holes. Afterward spraying a fluid dielectric on the membrane having a plurality of micro-holes. After waiting a period of time for the gaps among the metal conductors being filled with the fluid dielectric, removing the membrane having a plurality of micro-holes from the substrate. Further baking the substrate to cure the fluid dielectric inside metal-conductive layer. The thickness of the dielectric after curing is approximately equal to the thickness of the metal-conductive layer. At last forming a cap dielectric layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A molding technique for copper interconnecting wires by electrochemical displacement deposition on the pre-shaped metal layer in accordance with the present invention is used to form an adhering layer on a substrate and a sacrificial layer on the adhering layer. The sacrificial layer is patterned according to the copper interconnecting wires and displaced to form the copper interconnecting wires in a specific chemical solution.

Abstract: An oxygen-removing pre-process for copper interconnect grown by electrochemical displacement deposition is to remove the oxygen in the reaction solution before displacement and deposition a copper film/conducting wire such that the copper film/conducting wire is grown and has a lower electric resistance.

Abstract: A directional signal device includes a battery-operated signal transmitter installed in a vehicle, the signal transmitter having a control circuit board adapted to transmit a directional signal wirelessly and formed of a power circuit, a direction selection circuit an encoder circuit, and a transmitting circuit, and a battery-operated signal receiver carried on the user, the signal receiver having a control circuit board formed of a power circuit, a receiving circuit, a decoder circuit, a comparator circuit, a light driving circuit, and a directional light emitting unit. The signal transmitter is operated by the user to wirelessly transmit a directional signal to the signal receiver, causing the directional light emitting unit of the signal receiver to flash, indicating a direction to follow.

Abstract: A liquid cooler (1) includes a body (10) and a cover (20) attached on the body. The body includes a base (12) with a first cavity (126) accommodating liquid, a central hollow cylinder (16) having a passage (164) in communication with the first cavity, and a plurality of vertical tubes (18) in communication with the first cavity. A plurality of fins (162) extends outwardly from the hollow cylinder. The cover defines a second cavity (26) in communication with the passage and the tubes. The liquid within the first cavity is heated by a heat-generating electronic device and moved to the second cavity through the tubes. Heated liquid which has reached the second cavity flows down through the passage along an inner surface of the hollow cylinder and returns back to the first cavity. The heated liquid is cooled by the fins conducting heat away from the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: A method for forming photoresist layers on a substrate. First, a first photoresist material is coated on the substrate. Next, a second photoresist material is coated on the first photoresist material before the first photoresist material is baked. Thereafter, the substrate is baked at 100˜140° C. for 50˜80 seconds to simultaneously form a first photoresist layer and a second photoresist layer thereon. The method further includes a step of cooling the first and the second photoresist layers to room temperature after the baking is performed.

Abstract: A method for monitoring focus in lithography. First, a mask having a plurality of substantially parallel line patterns is provided. Next, a wafer covered by a photoresist layer is exposed by the mask to form a plurality of exposure regions with different exposure focuses. Next, the photoresist layer on the wafer is developed to form a plurality of patterned regions having the line patterns. Thereafter, the wafer having the patterned regions is placed into an optical apparatus, and the line width variation in each of the patterned regions exposed by the different focuses is then checked. (Finally, the focus latitude is determined according to the line width variation in each of the patterned regions and the exposure focus thereof.

Abstract: A voice server and method for providing integrated voice mail and email messaging for use with an email server and an email client. The voice server includes a telephone interface means for providing telephone services to the voice server, a network interface means for providing communications between the voice server and each of the email server and email client, a processor, and a program memory for storing program instructions for controlling the processor to provide voice mail messaging services for a plurality of voice mailboxes. At least one voice mailbox on the voice server is adapted to create a message reference to uniquely identify each recorded voice mail message and to send each message reference to an email address on the email server, where the message can be retrieved by the email client. The voice server is further adapted to provide voice mail services corresponding to each recorded voice mail message, to the email client through the network interface means.

Abstract: A liquid cooler (1) includes a body (10) and a cover (20) attached on the body. The body includes a base (12) with a first cavity (126) accommodating liquid, a central hollow cylinder (16) having a passage (164) in communication with the first cavity, and a plurality of vertical tubes (18) in communication with the first cavity. A plurality of fins (162) extends outwardly from the hollow cylinder. The cover defines a second cavity (26) in communication with the passage and the tubes. The liquid within the first cavity is heated by a heat-generating electronic device and moved to the second cavity through the tubes. Heated liquid which has reached the second cavity flows down through the passage along an inner surface of the hollow cylinder and returns back to the first cavity. The heated liquid is cooled by the fins conducting heat away from the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: A safety hat having an alert function comprising a hat body, a battery, and a plurality of soft or hard light emitting strips, and a control switch. The hat body is like a shade. The soft light emitting strips are adhered on the surface and two lateral sides of the hat body. The battery is formed on the soft light emitting strips. One end of the control switch is connected to an electrode of the battery, and another end thereof is connected to the power supply end of the light emitting strip. By the action of the control switch, the soft light emitting strip lights up or extinguished. Thereby, a safety hat having an alert function is formed, which can be assembled by the user.

Abstract: An audio and video effect flight toy comprises a rod and a supporter. The supporter is connected to the rod. A groove is formed on the supporter. A slender rope winds around the supporter; and another end of the slender rope is tied with a drag handle. A disk has a round disk at a center, and at least one blade is formed at an outer ring of the round disk; while another end of each blade is connected to an outer ring circularly. A bottom of the round disk is protruded with a post. A circuit unit is installed on the round disk. The circuit unit is formed by a light emitting pieces and an audio element. The top of the round disk, connections of the round disk with each blade, and connections of each blade with the outer ring are installed with power joints for being installed with light emitting pieces.

Abstract: Techniques for enhancing edges in video signals while reducing the amounts of undershoots and overshoots. A video signal is processed to generate a first signal indicative of detected edges in the video signal. The first signal can be generated by lowpass filtering the video signal to generate a lowpass signal and subtracting the lowpass signal from a luminance signal that has been extracted from the video signal. The first signal is then processed with a “non-linear” transfer function to generate a second signal having enhanced edges. The second signal is used as the correction or enhancement signal, and is added to the lowpass signal to provide an output signal having enhanced edges with reduced or minimal amounts of undershoots and overshoots.

Abstract: A process for making split-gate semiconductor flash memory contains an outwardly-diverging control gate stacked on but separated from a pair of opposing floating gates via an interpoly dielectric layer.

Abstract: A MOS transistor with a pair of lightly doped drain (LDD) sub-regions in the substrate and whose gate electrode is self-aligned with a non-doped gate oxide layer overlying the channel region between the two LDD sub-regions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electron tunnel oxide (ETOX) flash memory device having an improved coupling efficiency includes sequentially forming a tunnel oxide, a floating gate, a dielectric layer, and a control gate on a substrate, where the tunnel oxide and the bottom of the floating gate are formed to be narrower than the top of the floating gate, the dielectric and the control gate.

Abstract: A software architecture for a computer telephony server for simultaneously implementing a plurality of messaging applications is provided. The server includes a processor, a memory and a plurality of slots connected to the processor through a high-speed bus, each of the plurality of slots being adapted to receive an interface card for connecting the server to an external resource. The server further includes a session having a thread of execution on the processor and controlling a subset of the memory and a telephone line resource. The call processing behavior of the session is defined by a first user agent which represent a known user of the server. The first user agent includes a first scenario and a first set of properties. The first scenario includes a plurality of event-application pairs, each pair representing a valid event and a corresponding application that is executed when the valid event is detected.

Abstract: A computer telephony server for simultaneously implementing a plurality of messaging applications is provided. The server includes a processor, a memory and a plurality of slots connected to the processor through a high-speed bus, each of the plurality of slots being adapted to receive an interface card for connecting the server to an external resource. A plurality of primary sessions are provided, each of which have a first thread of execution on the processor and control a first subset of the memory and at least one external resource. A plurality of secondary sessions, each corresponding to one of the primary sessions, is also provided. Each secondary session has a second thread of execution on the processor and controls a second subset of the memory. The primary session delegates a set of system resources to its corresponding secondary session and monitors the secondary session's behavior.